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New Reasons for the Ablative (Instrumental Ablative (4. Dependent on…
New Reasons for the Ablative
Instrumental Ablative
2. Ablative of Manner
Answers the question in what manner/with what abstract concept,
did they do the action with?
magna voce
clamavit
He shouted in (with) a loud voice
summa celeritate
rediit
He returned with the greatest speed
He shouted in the loudest voice
studia
summo gaudio
confecit
He finished his studies with the greatest of joy.
She was running
with ease
3. Ablative of Respect
Answers the question, what quality,
did the person/thing described have?
in matrimonium puellam
summa fide
duxit
He married a girl of the greatest loyalty.
puella
summa virtute
A girl of the greatest courage
est puer
magno ingenio
He is a boy of great talent
vir
parva prudentia
A man of little prudence
1. Ablative of Instument/Means
Answers the question, with what instrument did they do action?
ad urbem
pedibus
ibant
They were going on foot (by feet) to. the city
urbem
virgā
defendit.
He defended the city with a stick.
pilis
ludebant
They are playing with the balls
me
gladiō
vulneravit
He wounded me with a sword
She was swinging
with a bat
.
4. Dependent on adjective (where the English has the genitive)
dignus, -a -um
iuvenis dignus est
laude
the young man is worthy of praise
plenus, -a, -um
urna
aquā
plena erat
the pot was full of water
True Ablative (motion away from/separation)
1. Governed by preposition
a/ab
e/ex
in
sub
de
N.B. Often used for prepositions expressing motion away.
2. Motion away from
Normally used for towns and cities, instead of a/ab
postridie Roma discessit
The next day, he departed from Rome
domo festinavit
He hurried from home
3. Ablative of Separation
Literal
solio surrexi (arguably also motion away from)
I got up from the chair
Figurative
oppugnaverunt urbem, cuius moenia defensoribus vacua erant
They attacked the city, whose walls were
empty of defenders
feminae liberae cura
women free from care
me cura liberavit
he freed me from care
4. Other ablatives
multis post annis
After many years
paucis ante diebus
a few days before
Expressions of Time
Time When
Often w/ ordinal numbers + singular noun
e.g.
quinta hora
Time within which
Often w/ cardinal numbers + plural nouns
e.g. duobus horis