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Gut bacteria & Depression (Can gut bacteria contribute to depression?,…
Gut bacteria & Depression
Depression
Definition
Serious medical illness that negatively affects how you feel, the way you think and how you act
It causes feelings of sadness and/or a loss of interest in activities once enjoyed.
Factors
Biochemistry
Genetics
Personality
Environmental factors
Effects
Impact on personal relationships
Lack of interest on studies or work
Impact on physical conditions
Gut Bacteria
Definition
The gut microbiome refers to all of the microbes in your intestines, which act as another organ that's crucial for your health.
Function
It helps the body to digest certain foods that the stomach and small intestine have not been able to digest.
It helps with the production of some vitamins (B and K).
It helps us combat aggressions from other microorganisms, maintaining the wholeness of the intestinal mucosa.
Malfunction
The gut bacteria in healthy people are different from those with certain diseases. People who are sick may have too little or too much of a certain type. Or they may lack a wide variety of bacteria.
It’s thought some kinds may protect against ailments, while others may raise the risk of: Obesity, type 2 diabetes, and heart disease, Inflammatory bowel diseases, including ulcerative colitis
Can gut bacteria contribute to depression?
Correlation:
A team looked for links between gut microbes and depression among over 2,100 adults taking part in two health studies. The investigators found that levels of two specific groups of gut bacteria (Coprococcus and Dialister) were "consistently depleted" in people with depression
Evidence
Researchers found that among over 2,100 adults, those with depression showed differences in specific groups of gut bacteria. And people with higher concentrations of certain other gut bugs generally reported better mental well-being.
Conclusion
A diet low in processed foods and rich in plant foods (vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, and grains) supports a more diverse gut microbiome.
"It's the chicken-and-egg question," Mayer said. As people with depression have different habits and diets, and that would affect the gut microbiome.
There is a correlation between people who have those gut bacteria and people who have depression, however it does not mean that one is a consequence of the other.
Probiotics and other compound help could improve their gut health and depression batter than anti-depressants but depression and microbiome are still too complex.
Conection
The gut-brain axis transforms information through the vagus nerve from food to feelings
In the small intestine, each villus is lined with a single layer of epithelium which contains different types of cells.
The enteroendocrine cell is our gut sensor synapse with nerves including the vagus nerve
Inside neuropod cells, signals from stimuli are converted into tiny electrical pulses that propagate via synapses on the efferent neuron of the vagus nerve.
Vagus neurons carry the sensory information to the brain stem, linking the signals generated inside the small intestine to the brain.