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GEOGRAPHY (Geography concepts (environment (The living and non-living…

- - - - local
        
        recycling of paper by individuals
      - nationals
        
        Australian Government has begun to encourage sustainable use of energy by offering incentives to promote the use of solar panels
      - internationals
        
        organisations such as the Marine Stewardship Council are working with fisheries and retailers to promote responsible and environmentally viable fishing practices around the world
- - - - Extremely hot and dry (less than 10 inches of rain a year).
    - - Cacti, small bushes, and short grasses. Desert plants are adapted to collect and store water, and reduce water loss
    - - North and south America, Africa, Middle East, Australia, and Asia
    - - Animals adapted to intense heat and lack of water. Some animals never drink water, instead they get water from seeds and plants that they consume. Many animals are nocturnal so that they do not have to combat the sun’s heat
  - - - Grasslands are big and open spaces. There are not many bushes in the grassland. Trees are found only by rivers and streams
    - - Grasses (oats, wheat, barley, etc.)
    - - Every continent except Antarctica
    - - Many large herds of grazing animals such as zebras and bison. Animals live in herds for protection, because there are few trees and bushes to camouflage themselves
  - - - Several varieties of exotic plants and animals. Lush green and vibrant colours.
    - - Vines, palm trees, orchids, ferns. Most plants must compete for sunlight and nutrients due to their dense population. The majority of common houseplants come from the rainforest
    - - Near the equator. South America, Asia, Pacific islands, Australia, New Zealand, and Africa
    - - Life inside the wet rainforest is bustling with slithering snakes and chirping birds. An animal must be both smart and strong to survive in this environment
  - - - Also known as a “coniferous forest”. Regions have cold, long, snowy winters, and warm, humid summers
    - - Coniferous-evergreen trees (trees that produce cones). The trees are narrow and grow very close together. This is so they can help protect each other from the weather
    - - Canada, Europe, Asia, and America
    - - Snow, cold, and a scarcity of food make life very difficult, especially in the winter. Some animals migrate south, other go into hibernation, while others simply cope with the environment
  - - - Contains very little salt and are found on land; includes lakes, rivers, and wetlands
    - - Saltwater regions of the Earth. Includes oceans and coral reefs
    - - Water covers about three-quarters of the Earth and can be classified as fresh water or marine
    - - Huge variety of different plants and animals. Most must live in this environment for survival
- - - - People have enough food of appropriate quality available on a consistent basis. May include production, storage, distribution
    - - Physical and economic access to food. There needs to be enough food available and it must be in reach of those who need it
    - - Using food safely and applying knowledge about nutrition, clean water, and sanitation when preparing food. What is appropriate will vary between different places and cultures
  - - - Natural disasters may leave food sources damaged or destroyed
      - This makes them highly vulnerable to the forces that change the availability and accessibility of food (e.g. if food price increases)
      - Armed conflicts may interrupt usual markets and food supply
      - Individuals who suffer from poverty struggle to meet their basic daily food needs and spend a greater percentage of their income than those in wealthier countries
- - - - Extensive
        
        Farms that require large areas of land
      - Intensive
        
        farms that can produce large volumes of food or fibre in a small area
    - - The soils in northern Australia are amongst the world’s oldest so they have been subject to downpours for millions of years
        
        This makes intensive farming difficult
      - This leaches important minerals out of the soil
  - - - water
        
        a nearby river or aquifer can provide water to irrigate crops or to give animals such as cows and sheep water to drink
      - financial resources
        
        many farmers in the developing world have few financial resources to buy machinery and hire labour and so they rely on their physical labour and are able to grow only enough foot to feed their own families
      - wind
        
        strong winds can dry out the soil, and damage or even destroy crops
      - expertise
        
        farmers often specialize in growing a certain crop or raising a certain breed of animals. This may have been the case for many previous generations. As a result, they may have built up great deal of expertise in this type of farming