60 year old woman with heart attack
Background
Anatomy of the heart
Right Atrium
Pulmonary veins
Pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary trunk
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Ascending aorta
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Brachiocephalic trunk
Left common carotid artery
Aortic arch
Subclavian artery
Ligamentum arteriosum
Auricle of left atrium
Circumflex artery
Coronary artery
Great cardiac vein
Apex
Blood flow through the heart
1 Blood goes through Superior and inferior vena cava into coronary sinus
2 Goes into right atrium
3 Travels through tricuspid valve to get to right ventricle
4 Travels through pulmonary semilunar valve into the pulmonary trunk
5 Blood is carried to lungs to be oxiginated
6 Oxygen rich blood returns to heart through pulmonary veins
7 Blood goes from the four pulmonary veins into left atrium
8 From the left atrium into the left ventricle through the mitral valve
9 From the left ventricle to the aorta through the aortic semilunar valve
10 lastly oxygen rich blood is delivered to the body
Role of valves and papillary muscles
Valves
Papillary muscles
Located on each end of the 2 ventricles
prevent the backward flow of blood
Located in the ventricles of the heart
Act as one way inlets of blood on one side of the ventricle
Also act as one ways outlets of blood on other side of ventricle
Pull on the chordae tendineae
Help to open up cusps when the ventricles are relaxing and filling with blood
Heart sounds
S1
S2
Known as "Lub"
Known as "Dub"
Turbulence
Caused by closure of mitral and tricuspid valves at start of systole
Caused by closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves
Marks end of systole
Relationship between heart function and blood pressure
Heart pushing blood through your arteries
Blood pressure goes up
As heart relaxes
Blood pressure goes down
Relationship between heart function and respiratory rate
Work together to make sure the body has oxygen rich blood to function properly
Concepts
Heart rate
Stoke volume
Cardiac output
Mean arterial pressure
Preload
Afterload
Peripheral resistance
Number of times a persons heart beats per minute
Amount of blood pumped by left ventricle of heart in one contraction
Average arterial pressure throughout one cardiac cycle, systole, and diastole
Pressure heart must work against to eject blood during systole
Amount of blood the heart pumps through the circulatory system in a minute
Amount of ventricular stretch at the end of diastole
The resistance of arteries to blood flow
Possible causes of heart attack
Old age
Didn't watch what she ate
Being obese
Downstream
Failed mitral valve
Can allow some blood to flow backward in the left atrium
Can block blood flow into the left ventricle
Left ventricle gets bigger and weaker if untreated
Effects on the body
Respiratory
Symptoms
Shortness of breathe
More tired than usual
Swelling in legs, feet ankle or belly
Low blood pressure
Nervous
Urinary
Less oxygen will travel to organs
Can have metabolic acidosis for high breathing rate
Waste products are not adequately removed
Brain will malfucnion
Circulatory
Can lead to heart disease
Can lead to heart rhythm problems
Diabetes
Less oxygen is getting to the brain