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6.1 water resource and uses ((Confined: are those in which an impermeable…
6.1 water resource and uses
Confined: are those in which an impermeable dirt/rock layer exists that prevents water from seeping into the aquifer from the ground surface located directly above, instead water seeps into confined aquifers from farther away where the impermeable layer doesn't exist.
Unconfined: Those into which water seeps from the ground surface directly above the aquifer.
Aquifer: An underground layer of water- bearing permeable rock, rock fractures, or unconsolidated materials.
Artesian well: A well that doesn't require a pump to bring water to the surface. This occurs when there is enough pressure in the aquifer.
Fresh water is being used unsustainably
environmental and economical problems:
Economically:
Threats to food production and energy
Environmental:
Excessive withdrawal of freshwater from rivers and aquifers falling water tables, dwindling river flows, shrinking lakes, disappearing wetlands.
Water pollution: reduced fish population, extinction of aquatic species, degraded aquatic ecosystem services.
Virtual water makes up a large part of our water footprints, especially in more developed countries.
Tax water pumped from wells near surface water
Build rain gardens in urban areas
Raise price of water
subsidize water conservation
Use water more efficiently
Limit number of wells
Ground water and aquifers
Fresh water use
Solutions to ground water depletion
PREVENTION
CONTROL