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Retired 70 y/o who recently moved to Colorado (Upper Respiratory: (Lower…
Retired 70 y/o who recently moved to Colorado
Anatomy:
Trachea
Thymus
Apex of lung
Right superior lobe
Horizontal fissure
Right middle lobe
Oblique fissure
Right inferior lobe
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Moving to higher elevation
Elderly women
Respiration:
Pulmonary ventilation (breathing):
Movement of air in and out of lungs
External respiration:
Exchange of O2 and CO2 between lungs and blood
Circulatory:
Transportation of O2 and CO2 in blood
Internal respiration:
Exchange of O2 and CO2 between vessels and tissues
Upper Respiratory:
Nose & nasal cavity
Paranasal sinuses
Pharynx
Nasopharynx
Pharyngeal tonsils
Oropharynx
Palatine & lingual tonsils
Laryngopharynx
Lower respiratory:
Larynx
Voice box
Trachea
Windpipe
Bronchi & branches
Lungs & alveoli
Site of gas exchange
Alveolar walls:
Single layer of squamous epithelium
Scattered cuboidal
Alveolar pores:
Connect adjacent alveoli
Equalize air pressure throughout lung
Provide alternate routes in case of blockages
Alveolar macrophages:
Keep alveolar surfaces sterile
Gas laws:
Inspiration:
Gases flow into lungs
Expiration:
Gases exit lungs
Boyle's law:
Inverse relationship between pressure & volume of gas
Pressure increase = Pressure decrease
Airway resistance (bronchitis, asthma)
Alveolar surface tension (Premies)
Lung compliance (scarring/fibrosis)
Dalton's law:
Total pressure exerted by mixture of gases = Sum of pressures exerted by each gas
Partial pressure:
Pressure exerted by each gas in mixture
Directly proportional to it's percentage in mixture
High altitude result in lower than normal Hb saturation levels
Less availability of O2
Decline on blood O2
Accelerate production of EPO
RBC numbers increase slowly
Providing long term compensation
Effects of inflammation:
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Decrease in ability to force air our of lungs
Emphysema:
Permanent enlargement of alveoli and destruction of alveolar walls
Result in decreased lung elasticity
Chronic bronchitis:
Inhaled irritants
Cause chronic excessive mucus
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Respiratory & immune sys:
Respiratory & Circulatory sys
Respiratory & Cardio sys
Increasing altitude
airway and ventilation gets compromised
Alveoli fill up with fluid that seep out of blood vessels in the lung
compromises exchanging of gases
Resulting in trouble breathing & limiting the oxygen that will get to your blood