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Cardiovascular Stamina (Physiology (5 Phases of Electrical Conduction (SA…
Cardiovascular Stamina
Histology
Heart
Endocardium
Subendocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium
Coronary Artery
Tunica Intima
Clear Internal Elastic Lamina
Tunica Media
Smooth Muscle Bundles
Tunica Externa
Thicker than other Tunica
Loose collagen
Adipose
Few Elastic Fibers
Heart Valve
Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue
Endothelium
Cardiac Skeleton
Dense and non-conducting irregular connective tissue
Specifically Fibrous tissue
Blood Vessels
Arteries
Large Artery
Tunica Intima
Normal
Tunica Media
Prominent Elastin Fiber
Undistinguished EEL
Tunica Adventitia
Thin Fibroelastic connective tissue with Vasa Vsorum
Medium Artery
Tunica Intima
Thinner than Large Artery
Prominent IEL
Tunica Media
Smooth Muscle
Tunica Adventitia
Lymph Capillaries
Vasa Vasorum
Small Artery
Tunica Intima
Endothelium
Tunica Media
Dominantly Smooth Muscle
Tunica Adventitia
Very Thin but visible to see
Capillaries
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Basal Membrane
Veins
Medium Vein
Similar to Medium Artery
EEL not Visible
Small Vein
Tunica Intima
Endothelial Cells
Large Vein
Tunica Media
Collagen Fibers with Scattered Elastic Fibers
Tunica Adventitia
Smooth muscle lying
Physiology
Heart Cells
Contractile Cells
Did not Conduct Action Potential
Autorhytmic Cells
Conduct action Potential
Increase Natrium Ion Inward
Decrease Potassium Ion Outwards
Increase of Calcium ion Inwards
Longer Refractory Period in heart muscle
To prevent Tetanus
Electrical Conduction
Starting from Autorhytmic Cells
Goes through Adjacent Cells
5 Phases of Electrical Conduction
SA node Depolarization
Rapid Electrical Conduction through AV node
Depolarization
Electrical signal from to Heart Apex
Rapid Impulse Transmitted by Purkinje Fibers
Cardiac Output
Amount of Blood Pumped out
Factors
Heart Rate
Stroke Volume
Innervations
Cardioaccelerator
Sympathetic Nerve (T1-T4)
Cardioinhibitory
Parasympathetic Nerve
RAS System
Lower Blood Pressure
Energy Metabolism
Adequate Oxygen
Aerobic Glycilysis
Inadequate Oxygen
Anaerboic Glycolysis
Heart Muscle
Aerobic Glycolysis
Beta Oxidation
Oxidative Phosphorylation
High Energy demand of Heart Muscle
Myoglobin
Mitochondira
Metabolism of Heart Muscle
Metabolism
Lipid Metabolism
Lactate Metabolism
Kreb's Cycle
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Creatine Kinase Enzyme
Diagnosis
Physical Examination
Take the Pulse
Inspection of the Chest
Palpation
Percussion
Auscultation
ECG
Holter Monitorin
Excercise Echocardiogram
Symptoms
Heart Palpitations
Dyspnea
Risk Factors
Sedentary Lifestyle
Low Cardivascular
Management
Minimum 150 minutes .wekk of moderate-intensity
Muscle-Streghtening activitites activities done on at least 2 days a week
FITT
Anatomy
Heart
Percardium Parietal
V.Cava Superior
V. Brachiocephalica
Aorta Ascendens
Pulmonary Trunk
L Arteriosum
V. Azygos
Facies
Dorsalis
Sternocostals
Diaphragmatic
Sulcus
Coronarius
Interventricularis
Terminalis
Margo
Obstusus
Acutus
Vessels
A.Coronaria
Ramus
Sinus Coronarius
V.Cordis
vessels
Neck
Ascending Aorta
Aorta Arch
A. Brachiocephalic
A. Common Carotid
A. Left Sibclavian
A. Right common Carotid
A. Right Subclavian
Common Carotid
Internal Carotid Artery
External Carotid Artery
Subclavian
Pre Scalene
Posterior Scalene
Post Scalene
Limbs
Upper
Subclavian A.
Axillary A.
Brachial Artery
Radial A.
Ulna A.
Digital artery Superficial and Deep
Lower
Abdominal Aorta
Common Iliac Artery
External Ilian
Internal Iliac
Femoral Artery
Popliteal A.
Dorsalis Pedis
Anterior Tibial A.
Posterior Tibial A.
Skeletal Muscle
Muhammad Adrian Khalfani PBL GROUP A 1806173815