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60 year old female, myocardial infarction (Background (pathway of blood…

- - - - pericardium
        
        loose fitting layer around the heart is called fibrous pericardium
        
        serous pericardium is under the fibrous and made of 2 layers
        
        parietal pericardium lines inside of fibrous pericardium
        
        visceral pericardium (epicardium) is on the heart itself
        
        double sac enclosing the whole heart
    - - epicardium
        
        visceral layer
        
        myocardium
        
        middle layer
        
        composed mainly of cardiac muscle
        
        contracts
        
        reinforced by a dense network of connective tissue called cardiac skeleton
      - Endocardium
        
        thin white layer resting on thin connective tissue
        
        lines heart chambers and valves
    - - 4 chambers
        
        2 atria
        
        separated by interartrial septum
        
        receiving chambers
        
        right atrium
        
        smooth walled posterior
        
        anterior pectinate muscles
        
        blood enters through
        
        superior vena cava
        
        inferior vena cava
        
        coronary sinus
        
        left atrium
        
        mostly smooth
        
        pectinate muscle found in auricle
        
        blood enters through 4 pulmonary veins
        
        2 ventricles
        
        separated by intraventricular septum
        
        discharging chambers
        
        muscle
        
        trabeculae carneae
        
        papaillary muscles
        
        right ventricle
        
        pumps blood into the pulmonary trunk
        
        left ventricle
        
        pumps blood into aorta
      - grooves that contain vessels
        
        coronarysulcus
        
        anterior interventricular surface
        
        posterior interventricular surface
    - - AV valves
        
        prevent backflow into atria when ventricles contract
        
        Tricuspid
        
        bicuspid (mitrial)
      - semilunar valves
        
        pulmonary semilunar
        
        aortic semilunar
        
        prevent backflow into ventricles
  - - - prevent backflow into ventricles and arteries
  - - - lup-dup pause lup-dup
        
        lup
        
        AV valves close
        
        dup
        
        SL valves slam shut
        
        pause
        
        relaxation
  - - - top number is systolic blood pressure
        
        pressure when heart contracts
      - bottom number is diastolic
        
        pressure at relaxation
  - - - the amount of blood pumped out by one ventricle with each beat
    - - the amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle in 1 minute
    - - number of heartbeats per minute
    - - average blood pressure during a single cardiac cycle
    - - performance of the human heart from the ending of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next
    - - preload
        
        the degree to which cardiac muscle is stretched before contraction
        
        controls stroke volume
      - afterload
        
        the pressure that the ventricles must overcome to eject the blood
    - - resistance of arteries to blood flow
- - - - Abnormal heart sound (heart murmur) heard through a stethoscope
      - Shortness of breath (dyspnea), especially when you have been very active or when you lie down
      - Fatigue
      - Heart palpitations — sensations of a rapid, fluttering heartbeat
      - Swollen feet or ankles
  - - - her breathing rate is increased to get more oxygen to body
    - - the nervous system directly effects heart rate
      - with emotional and physical stressors the Parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems release hormones to speed up the heart by stimulatinf SA node