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Hearing (Middle Ear (ossicular chain (malleus: largest of ossicles,…

- - - - Reissner's membrane: separate perilymph of scala vestibuli and endolymph of scala media
      - Basilar membrane: floor of scala media, separate it with scala tympani, houses Organ of Corti
  - - - 3 rows, innervated by 1 nerve fiber each, impact basilar membrane and inner hair cess
      - receive neural input from the brain, amplify vibrations (oto-acoustic emissions)
    - - 1 single row, innervated by many nerve fibers; movement of basilar membrane would stimulate it to fire action potential
      - primary neural output from the cochlea
    - - hair cell closer to oval window (basilar membrane is the stiffest) sensitive to high frequency
      - hair cell way from oval window (basilar membrane is less stiff) sensitive to low frequency
- - - - vestibule: central, entrance to inner ear
      - semicircular canals: for vestibular system
      - cochlea: for auditory system
  - - - Has osseous & membranous parts, in a way of 3 rings
      - Filled with endolymph and contain sense organs
      - Ampulla houses crista ampularis
        
        stereocilia: mechano-sensing , convert fluid pressure/mechanical stimuli to electric stimuli
        
        kinocilium: tallest central most stereocilia
      - Sense rotational body movement
        
        Anterior & Posterior canals: head to shoulder movement, "yes"
        
        Lateral/Horizontal canal: "no "
    - - urticle
        
        horizontal movement/acceleration
        
        macula (sense changing)
        
        3 layers-top (gelatinous), middle (has calcium carbonated crystals-ear stone), bottom (hair cells contain stereocilia & kinocilium)
        
        head tilt cause gravity to pull on, hair bends
      - saccule: sense vertical movement, 3 layers of macula