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4d Properties of synapse (1.convergence & divergence (Convergence…

- - - - some presynaptic terminals
        release excitatory neurotransmitters
        
        & some of them may release
        inhibitatory neurotransmitters
        
        all these information
        (excitatory or inhibitory)
        are integrated
        
        which decides
        the onward effect
  - - - This causes magnification of
        the information
        
        ( info coming to 1 neuron
        gets transmitted to
        so many neurons)
- - - - Cause:
        this is because
        
        the presynaptic terminal has the
        neurotransmitter containing vesicles
        &
        
        the postsynaptic terminal has
        the receptors
        
        significance:
        
        since axons conduct impulse
        in either direction with equal ease,
        the synapse makes a 1 way gate
        for impulse travel
        -this is necessary for orderly
        neural function
- - - - acclimitaion of waste products
        
        refractiveness of the
        postsynaptic membrane
        to the neurotransmitter
        
        fatigue is always
        reversible
        -after rest & nutrition
- - - - for diffusion of NT thru the
        synaptic cleft to the
        postsynaptic membrane
        
        for the action of NT on
        the postsynaptic membrane/
        for opening of ion channels
        
        for the diffusion of ions, &
        changes in resting MP
        
        ultimately-time is reqiured for
        the development of AP
        
        sinificance
        
        conduction along
        a chain of neurons is slow
        -if there are many synapses in the chain
        
        it's possible to determine if
        a given reflex pathway is
        monosynaptic or polysynaptic
        -by measuring the delay in
        transmission of impulse
        frm dorsal root to ventral root
        across the spinal Cord
- - - - when 2 or more
        presynaptic neurons
        are stimulated with
        subminimal stimuli
        
        the stimuli are
        summated to produce
        a response
        
        (impulse frm
        several neurons
        at the same time)
    - - if(one) presynaptic neuron
        is stimulated repeatedly
        with subminimal stimuli
        
        the stimuli are
        summated to produce
        a response
        
        ( several impulse frm
        one neuron
        over time)
- - - - they give no greater response
        when they are
        stimulated together
        
        this decr in respose
        is due to presynaptic fibers
        sharing postsynaptic fibers
        
        thus occlusion
        is due to
        afferent fibers overlapping
        in their central distribution
- - - - these 2 depolarization
        also causes
        certain no.of neurons to
        be stimulated subminimally
        
        when both are stimulated
        the subminimal stumuli
        are summated
        -to produce an AP
- - - - these changes can be
        presynaptic
        or
        postsynaptic
        in location
        
        & play an important
        role in
        learning & memory