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Myocardial Infarction (Heart Structures (left coronary artery (anterior…
Myocardial Infarction
Heart Structures
Heart
main pump of the bodies circulatory system, responsible for all transportation of blood and its elements
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myocardium
middle layer of heart wall, "muscle layer"
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right coronary artery
courses to the right side of the heart, where it also gives rise to two branches
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Concepts of the Heart
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Stroke Volume
volume of blood pumped out by one ventricle with each beat. (correlates with the force of ventricular contraction)
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Peripheral Resistance
the resistance that must be met in order for the heart to adequately pump blood to systemic circulation
Obesity
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The more you weigh the more blood your body has to pump through your body to supply oxygen and nutrients to your tissues, the heart has to work harder to pump the blood to these areas
Diabetes Mellitus II over time can damage blood vessels and nerves that control the heart greatly increasing chance of heart attack
reduced blood flow and plaque build up in the arteries can lead to stroke which can severely damage the nervous system
reduced blood flow to the kidneys they interpret this due to low blood pressure and release more chemicals and hormones that attempt to increase blood pressure, further increasing the patients already high blood pressure
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Myocardial Infarction
occlusion to one of the arteries supplying the heart with oxygen, causing death of cardiac cells and decreasing cardiac output
Coronary Artery Disease
narrowing or buildup of plaque in arteries due to poor diet and lack of exercise, greatly increases chances of MI
Heart Failure
death of cardiac cells can lead to poor cardiac output as dead cardiac cells weaken atriums/ventricles associated with infarcted area
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Left Sided Heart Failure
causes backup of blood/fluid into pulmonary vessels and causes severe respiratory distress/ decreased oxygen exchange
heart failure can cause severe damage to other body systems due to lack of blood supply and lack of oxygen supply
Poor Circulation
weakening of cardiac muscle leads to decreased output and poor systemic circulation which can be made even worse with co morbidities
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Heart Sounds
described as lub-dub, are associated with the heart valves closing
"Lub"
occurs as the AV valves close, and is the beginning of ventricular systole
"Dub"
occurs as the SL valves snap closed, and is the beginning of ventricular diastole
Patients symptoms
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respiratory rate of 30
due to patients inadequate blood supply to tissue inadequate oxygen supply is causing patient to breath faster in an effort to exchange more oxygen/CO2 to the blood
heart rate 125
patients heart rate is accelerated in an effort to make up for lack of hearts ability to pump blood with each beat
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Mitral Valve Failure
valve failure forces the heart to repump the same blood over and over because the valve does not close properly and causes blood to back flow reducing cardiac output.