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Inter-Molecular Forces (Bonding in solid (Atomic Solid, Metallic Solid,…
Inter-Molecular Forces
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Properties of liquid
Viscocity
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The stronger the IMF, the higher the viscocity
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Surface tension
The stronger the IMF, the higher the surface tension.
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Vapour pressure
defined as the pressure exerted by its vapor when the liquid and the vapor state are in dynamic equilibrium
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Phase change
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The amount of energy required to cause a phase change increases as the strength of the IMF increases
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CRITICAL TEMPERATURE (TC)
- the highest temperature at which a substance can exist as a liquid (using pressure)
CRITICAL PRESSURE (PC)
- the pressure required to bring about liquefaction at TC
The greater the IMF, the easier it is to liquefy a substance, thus the higher the TC of the substance.
Type of IMF
H-Bonding
Interactions due to partial charges held by atom in the molecule (Specially for a molecule with a highly electronegative atom)
(Polar Molecule + H)
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Ion-Dipole
Exists between ions and the partial charge on the end of polar molecules/dipole
(Ionic + polar covalent compound)
Magnitude of attraction increases:
- charge of the ion increases
- magnitude of dipole moment increase
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- Attraction between molecules.
- IMF is weaker than ionic and cov bond.
- IMF broken when substance boils or melt.
- IMF formed when substance condense.
- Boiling point and melting point indicate strength of IMF.
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