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6.4 Sustainable Agriculture (produce food more sustainably (conserve top…
6.4 Sustainable Agriculture
produce food more sustainably
restore soil fertility
nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
crop roation
use organic fertilizers
reduce water cosumption
use more efficent irrigation systems
conserve top soil
intercropping
contour planting
terracing
no till farming
dont use any soil at all
eat less meat
reduce soil salinization
reduce irrigation
plant crops that tolerate salt
avoid overgrazing
expand organic agriculture
irrigation
most common form of irrigation are inefficient
most efficent systems rely on gravity to flow water towards the crops (1/3 still evaporates)
In forrow irrigation forrows dircet water down channels
in flood irrigation whole fields are flooded
regular spary irrigation is slightly better but still very inefficent (1/4 of water evaporates)
most efficient
drip irrigation: Drip irrigation is a type of micro-irrigation system that has the potential to save water and nutrients by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plants, either from above the soil surface or buried below the surface
hydroponics: its almost an entirely sealed system greatly reduces evaporation
expensive (raise price of water so people are forced to acquire more efficient systems
avoid synthetic pesticides
biological controls
using natrual predators, parasites, and pathogens
sex attractants
hormones (interrup their life cycle)
ecological control
polyculture provides habitat for the predators of pests
cultivational control
alternate crops from year to year so pest populations die out
organic agriculture
100% organic (completely grown or raised using organic methods
crops are grown without use of synthetic pesticides, synthetic fertilizers or genetically engineered seed varieties.
more labor intensive, costs more
organic vs industrialized
organic (hight yield)
no gms
reduce fossil fuel increase and use renewable energy such as wind power for electricity
employs crop roation and biological pest control
use no antibiotics or hormones to produce meat and meat products
prevent soil erosion and use organic fertilizers such as animal manure and compost
industrialized (high yield)
use gmos
depend on nonrenewable fossil fuels
synthetic chemical pesticide
is globally expor-oriented
use synthetic inorganic fertilizers and sewage sludge to provide nutrients
use antibiotic and growth hormones for meats
still is not perfect (nutrients from fertilizers can still reach groundwater
large scale composting creates greenhouse gases, methane and nitrous oxide
getting rid of weeds by ploughing can damage soild and lead to erosion