Learning Theory Foundations
Directed integration models 1
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Directed integration models 3
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Directed integration models 2
Behaviorist Theory: B.F. Skinner
Learning shown by change in behaviors
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Behaviors shaped by contingencies of reinforcement
Information-Processing Theory: Atkinson and Shiffrin
Learning is encoding information in memory
3 Memory stores: Sensory registers, short - and long-term
Cognative-Behavioral Theory: Robert Gagne
Learning shaped by optimal conditions
Different skills > different conditions
Nine events of instruction
Directed integration models 4
Systems Theory and Systematic Instructional Design
Learning is fostered by systems of instruction
Instructional systems: goals/objectives matched to assessment and instruction; field-tested/revised
Directed integration models 5
Directed technology integration strategies
For mastery learning, clearly-defined skills and content
Unambiguous content
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Individual tutoring/practice
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Specific performance expected
When learning must be efficient
Constructivist integration model 1
John Dewey: Social activism theory
Curriculum arises from student interests
Education is growth, rather than goals
Learning should be hands-on and experience based
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Constructive integration models 2
Albert Bandura: Social cognitive theory
Learning result from behaviors, environment, and personal factors
Students learn by own actions or models
Self-efficacy needed
Lev Vygotsky: Scaffolding Theory
Learning is cognitive development shaped bu experience, culture
Adults help children bridge Zone of Proximal Development through scaffolding
Constructivist integration models 3
Jean Piaget: Child Development Theory
Learning requires cognitive growth, maturation
Children go through stages of cognitive development
Constructivist integration models 4
Jerome Bruner: Discovery Learning
Learning is cognitive growth through interaction with environment
Children remember better with discovery learning
Constructivist integration models 5
Howard Gardner: Multiple Intelligences Theory
Learning shaped by nine types of innate intelligences
Constructivist integration models 6
Constructivist technology integration strategies
For inquiry-based learning and abstract, complex concepts
When hands-on visual activities social collaboration, modeling, building self-efficacy are needed
When time permits exploration, discovery