Importantly, Klenowski identifies that” the policy rationale for such change, which includes testing, is that it will improve standards of teaching and learning regardless of the student’s religion, race, gender, socio-economic or socio-cultural background”. However, she is quick to point out that “social impact of changes to education systems is not something to be taken lightly when the impact on students results in them being turned off learning or labelled as failures. Unhealthy competition between schools, teaching to the test, increased stress levels for children, parents and teachers, and huge costs are just some of the reactions to testing that is high-stakes.”