Race and Ethnicity

Social issues in the News

Racial and Ethnic relations: An American Dilemma

The Meaning of Race and Ethnicity

Race

Race: a category of people who share certain inherited physical characteristics such as skin color, facial features and stature.

Race as a Social Construction

Social Construction: A concept that has no objective reality but rather is what people decide it is.

Ethnicity

Ethnicity: Shared social, cultural, and historical experiences, stemming from common national or regional backgrounds that make subgroups of a population different from one another

Ethnic Groups: A subgroup if a population with a set of shared social, cultural and historical experiences, with relatively distinctive beliefs, values and behaviors, and with some sense of identity of belonging to the subgroup

Ethnic Pride:The sense of self-worth that many people derive from their ethnic backgrounds

Prejudice

Prejudice: a set of negative attitudes, beliefs, and judgments about whole categories of people and about individual members of those categories, because of their perceived race and/or Ethnicity

Racism: The belief that certain racial or ethnic groups are inferior to one's own.

Stereotypes: simplified, mistaken generalization about people because of their race and/or ethnicity.

Social-psychological explanation

Authoritarian personality: a personality emphasizing such things as obedience ti authority, a rigid adherence to rules and low acceptance of people not like oneself and said to help account for racial and ethnic prejudice.

Frustration or Scapegoat theory: As an explanation of racial and ethnic prejudice, the view that individuals blame the problems they experience on racial and ethnic minorities and thus scapegoat them instead of recognizing the real source of their own misfortune.

Discrimination

Discrimination: The arbitrary denial of rights, privileges, and opportunities to members of subordinate racial and ethnic groups.

Individual discrimination

Individual discrimination: Discrimination that individuals practice in their daily lives

Institutional discrimination

Institutional discrimination: discrimination that pervades the practices of whole institutions , such as housing , medical care, law enforcement, employment and education, even if such discrimination is not intended.

Racial and Ethnic Inequality in the United States

The benefits of being white

White privilege: the advantages that U.S whites enjoy in their daily lives simply because they are white, whether or not they are aware of these advantages.

Race and Ethnicity in the 21st Century

Affirmative Action

Affirmative action: the preferential treatment of minorities and women in employment and education