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WASTE MANAGEMNET (Hazardous Waste (Type of waste:star: (Medical Universal,…

- - - - designed to
        
        Control the leachate that drains from the waste
        
        Collect and treat the leachate
        
        Confine the waste to a particular location.
        
        Detect possible leaks
      - Microbial
        
        Land application of biodegradble waste work because
        
        when materials are added to the soil, they are attacked by microflora that decompose the waste material in a process known as microbial breakdown
        
        Surface Impoundment
        
        Intention application of waste material to soil
        
        A good indicator of the usefulness of land application for a particular waste is the biopersistence of the waste.
        
        May be a desirable method of treatment for certain biodegradble industrial waste
        
        Deep well dispose
        
        devices that place fluid deep ground into porous rock formation
  - - - reduce the amount of hazardous waste generated by manufacturing or other process
        
        equipment used
        
        raw materials used
        
        changes in chemical process involved
        
        maintanance used
    - - recovered for future use
        
        acid and solvent can be processed to remove the contaminants
        
        can be reused in the same or other different manufacturing processes
    - - change the physical or chemical composition of the waste and reduce its toxic characteristic
        
        seperate heavy metals from liquid waste
        
        broken up hazardous chemical compound through oxidation
        
        neutralized acid
    - - destroyed with high temperature
- - - - formed within a landfill as waste liquids and infiltration react chemically with the solid waste
      - Leachate management
        
        Reduce leachate production by minimizing infiltration
        
        Preventing the migration of leachate out of the bottom of the landfill
        
        Collecting and treating the leachate that accumulates at the bottom of the landfill
      - Sanitary landfill
        
        Advantage
        
        No open burning
        
        Little odor
        
        Low groundwater pollution if shield properly
        
        Can be built quickly
        
        Low operating costs
        
        Can handle large amounts of waste
        
        Filled land can be used for other purposes
        
        No shortage of landfill space in many areas
        
        Disadvantage
        
        Groundwater contamination
        
        Slow decomposition of wastes
        
        Release greenhouse gases
        
        Discourages recycling reuse and waste reduction
        
        Air pollution from toxic gases
        
        Dust
        
        Noise and traffic
        
        Eventually leaks and can contaminate groundwater
    - - Aerobic phase
        
        Reaction:
        
        Majority of biodegradable material is cellulose
        
        Weak acid form within water and some of mineral are dissove
        
        Solid waste that are biodegradable react with oxygen in the landfill to form carbon dioxide and water
      - Methanogenic stages
        
        System of controlling production of methane
        
        Passive system
        
        Active system
        
        Sufficient amount of water and warm temperature have to be present in landfill to form gas
        
        Decomposition of methane gas is produced
        
        Start about 6 month to year of coverage
      - Anaerobic phase
        
        The process of acidic fermentation:
        
        Microorganisms that do not need oxygen break down the wastes
    - - Sanitary landfill
      - Open dump landfill
  - - - To describe equipment and system that combust solid waste or fuels derived from solid wastes
    - - Bottom ash
      - Fly ash
    - - Most hygienic method
      - Complete destruction of pathogens
      - No odour trouble
      - Heat generated may be used for raising steam power
      - Clinkers produced may be used for road construction
      - Less space required
      - Adverse weather condition has no effect
    - - Care and attention required otherwise in complete combustion will increase air pollution
      - Residues are required to be disposed which needs money
      - Large initial expense
      - Large number of vehicles required for solid waste transport to the site of incineration
  - - - Open windrow composing
      - Mechanical composting
      - Composting by trenching
  - - - i- The old product are collected and processed
      - ii- The manufacturing of new product from the raw material obtained by the processing of the old product
      - iii- The process end with purchasing of recycled goods by the consumers
      - How glass been recycle
      - How aluminium been recycle
      - How paper been recycle
      - Advantages
        
        Reduce global warming
        
        Sustainable used of resource
        
        Reduce pollution
        
        Conserves natural resources
        
        Reduce energy consumtion
        
        Reduce amount of waste to landfills
        
        Protect environment
        
        Create green jobs