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Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud (Central constructs (INSTINCT THEORY …
Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud
Human Motivation
Freud was convinced that human behaviour is driven by interpsychic conflict.
Instinctual urges in the unconscious are considered unacceptable by the conscious mind and societal norms.
Constant war within ones mind between what the unconscious wants and what it’s actually allowed to get away with.
Human behaviour is a compromise between the parties that are at war.
Central constructs
INSTINCT THEORY Humans have instinctual urges that are innate. These stem from our evolutionary heritage .
Dysfunction is therefore caused when these urges are not expressed
Satisfaction of the need occurs when we satisfy that urge
ICEBERG APPROACH consist of conscious, unconscious, preconscious
STRUCTURAL APPROACH consist of the ID which works on the pleasure principle, EGO which works on the reality principle and the SUPEREGO which consist of the moral principle
REPRESSION (The act of containing unacceptable psychic material in, or pushing it into, the unconscious.)
The process of repression consist of always unconscious, always in symptoms formation and not all repression results in symptoms.
Repression uses psychic energy and can result in a person becoming developmentally stuck
SYMPTOMS AS SYMBOLS (PSYCHIC CONFLICT)
The symptoms serve the purpose of sexual gratification for the patient.
The are a substitute for satisfactions which he or she doesn’t obtain in reality
Uncontrollable Vomiting: Thought to symbolize morning sickness and the accompanying desire to fall pregnant.
Glove anaesthesia: Portion of the arm becomes paralysed was thought to be a defence against masturbation.
Suicide attempts
DEFENSE MECHANISM (This is triggered when anxiety signals that unconscious material is breaking into the conscious mind )
Distorted reality in order to stop the unconscious material jeopardize the ego functioning and the individual safety.
There are also different types of deference mechanism:
Identification
Displacement
Projection
Reaction Formation
Sublimation
Regression
Psychosexual Stages
Psychosexual stages fall under the theory of person and development of the individual whereby the focus is on sexual development
Psychosexual stages are identified by satisfaction of the sexual drive through different erotogenic zones
Too much or too little energy spent on these zones can lead to fixation and problems later in life
The psychosexual stages are: Oral, Anal, Phallic, latency and Genital. Infants also go though encounter these following terms which are known as Oedipus Complex, Castration Anxiety, Electra Complex and Penis Envy which going though their psychosexual stages
Health and Dysfunction
A healthy person is a person who is able to love and work, minimal repression, mostly resolved oedipal complexes, less fixation and less leftover unconscious material
A dysfunction person is a person who unresolved unconscious conflicts, believed to originate by age 6, unresolved stages of psychosexual development and leading to fixation as an adult
Anxiety forms basis of dysfunction consist of: Realistic Anxiety, Neurotic Anxiety, Moral Anxiety
Nature of Therapy
Assessments-Freud thought this was very important but it was rather informal compared to now
Therapeutic Atmosphere- Freud spent years searching for a method to accurately drive into the unconscious and these methods consist of:
Hypnosis
Emotional expression
Abstinent
The couch
*Free Assosciation
*Role of the client and counsellor, The Goals and The Contemporary Psychoanalysis
Process of Therapy
Insight, Resistance, Transference, Countertransference
Phases of Therapy consist of: Opening Phase, Development of Transference, Working through, and Resolution of Transference
Therapeutic Techniques consist of: Free Association, Interpretation, Analysis of Resistance, Dream Analysis and Analysis of Transference