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SESSION 4 EXAM - Operational Policing Practice 2 (Community (Perceptions…
SESSION 4 EXAM - Operational Policing Practice 2
Community
Perceptions from community created through:
Observing police in public
Preconceived ideas (age or culture)
Direct interaction
Social Media
Second hand stories
Media Representations.
Importance of positive perception: Leads to police legitimacy > police rely heavily on the community to cooperate and source information.
Crime Trends and Hotspots
Social and environmental factors are strong influence.
Hotspot: Significant change in the nature of selected crime types within a defined geographical area and time period.
Crime Trend: Visual representation of the concentration of a specific crime in a particular location.
Professional Practice
Australian and New Zealand Policing Advisory Agency (ANZPAA)
Introduced 7 qualities which should be reflected in the role of every police officer:
Leadership
Professionalism
Engagement
Decision Making/Problem Solving
Communication/Interpersonal Skills
Self Reflection
Teamwork
Partners
Inter-agency collaboration
Defences
COMMON LAW:
Claim of right
Consent
Mental illness
Automatism
honest and reasonable mistake
Necessity
Duress
STATUTORY LAW:
Intoxication
Offence Specific
Self Defence
Doli Incapax
Lawful Correction
Lawful Authority
Reasons to Arrest
Virtue of Warrant (LEPRA s101)
Arrest for Offence (LEPRA s99)
Breach of Peace (Common Law)
Specific Power (eg: RATA)
Hearsay
Information that has not come from its primary source. Eg. what someone else told you happened. Not usually admissable
Exceptions include:
Firsthand - where maker unavailable
Admissions
Telecommunication Records
Business Records
ID of person place or thing
Tags and Labels and writing
Contemporaneous notes about health
Hearsay for non hearsay purpose
Safeguards
s.202 LEPRA
Inform
Provide
Evidence
Act of arrest
Seizure/touching
Submission
Words/conduct
LEPRA search Powers
ID evidence
Visual ID s.114
- Identification based wholly or partly on what a person saw but does not include picture Identification Evidence
Picture ID s 115 -
Identification made wholly or partly by the person who made the identification examining pictures kept for the use of police officers.
Investigation Process
Initial investigation
Investigative evaluation
offender Management
Witness Management
Victim Management
Evidential evaluation
Case Management
Charge and prosecution
Compiling Brief of Evidence
Court proceedings > outcome
Case management
Definitions:
REASONABLE
BELIEF
SUSPISION