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electromagnetism (magnetic force (current-carrying conductor, current…

- - - - polarity at ends of the solenoid can be determined by
        
        Right hand grip rule
        
        Looking at the end of the solenoid
      - similar pattern of magnetic field of a bar magnet
    - - magnetic field is strongest at the centre of the coil
      - strength of magnetic field increases when
        
        current in coil is increased
        
        coil has more turns
        
        use coil of a smaller radius
    - - strength of the magnetic field decreases as the distance from wire increases
      - at a certain point in the magnetic field, the strength of the field will increases if the current is increased.
      - current is increased by
        
        add more cells in series at power supply
        
        reduce resistance of the rheostat
        
        use shorter wire to reduce resistance
        
        use thicker wire to reduce resistance
      - direction of magnetic field determined by
        
        Ampere's right-hand grip rule
        
        Maxwell's Corkscrew Rule
    - - electric bell
      - electromagnetic relay
      - circuit breaker
      - telephone earpiece