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CHAPTER 1 WHAT DO SOCIOLINGUISTS STUDY? (pg 1 - 8) (WHY DO WE SAY THE…
CHAPTER 1
WHAT DO SOCIOLINGUISTS STUDY? (pg 1 - 8)
WHY DO WE SAY THE SAME THING IN DIFFERENT WAYS?
The relationship between the people in the particular situation.
How the speaker feels about the person addressed.
For example:
Margaret mother chose
dear
to express her affectionate feeling to Margaret.
Mother might used
Margaret
if she had been annoyed with her.
The choice of linguistic form is a useful clue to non-linguistic information.
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT WAYS WE SAY THINGS
Types of Linguistic Variation
Vocubalary or Word Choice
Sounds, Tones and Pronounciation
Word-structure (morphology)
Grammars
All this things can effect our expression and need to be use in different social context.
Example:
Sam: You seen ‘enry’ new ‘ouse’ yet? It’s in ‘alton’ you know.
Jim: I have indeed. I could hardly miss it Sam. Your Henry now owns the biggest house in Halton.
The most obvious linguistic variation is involving pronunciation. Based on the example we can see how both character pronounce their words. Sam drop (silent) the ‘h’ sound while Jim keep the ‘h’. The dropping of H word is the result of their different education and social background.
Dialects
SOCIAL FACTORS,
DIMENSIONS AND
EXPLANATION
SOCIAL FACTORS
Users of language
(the participant)
The participants
Who is speaking?
Who are they speaking to?
Uses of language (social setting and function of the interaction)
Setting
Where are they speaking?
Topic
What is being talked about?
Function
Why are they speaking?
EXPLANATIONS
to identify clearly the linguistic variation involved (e.g. vocabulary, sounds, grammatical
constructions, styles, dialects, languages)
to identify clearly the different social or non-linguistic factors which lead speakers to use one form rather than another (e.g. features relating to participants, setting or function of the interaction)
SOCIAL
DIMENSIONS
A social distance scale concerned with participant relationships
A status scale concerned with participant relationships
A formality scale relating to the setting or type of interaction
Two functional scales relating to the purposes or topic of interaction.
WHAT IS A SOCIOLINGUISTS?
The study about the relationship between language and society.
Examining the way people use language in different social contexts.
For example:
Ray's awareness of the social factors influence the choice of appropriate ways of speaking to his principal -
Mr Sutton kept us in
.
The way Ray express himself to his mother indicates the close relationship between them -
Yeah, that bastard Sootbucket kept us in again
.