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Booklet 1: Divisions in the Muslim World (Foundation of Islam (founded by…
Booklet 1: Divisions in the Muslim World
Political
Abbasid Dynasty
; Sunni Islam, Arab origin, territory of Mesopotamia, power base in Baghdad
Fatimid Dynasty
; Shi'a Islam, Arab origin, territory of Egypt, power base in Cairo
Umayyad Dynasty
; Sunni Islam, Arab origin, territory of Spain, power base in Granada
Foundation of Islam
founded by Muhammad around
610
called by
angel Gabriel
to recite;
Qur'an contains messages from God
: urged people to give up idolatrous beliefs and worship
one single universal God
after Muhammad died,
Abu Bakr
became the new leader
Caliphate
was born
extended through
conquest and colonization
Arab state was
tolerant of other faiths
and taxes were
lower
defeated by the
Byzantine army
Religious
religious between
Sunni and Shi'a
Muslims
Sunni Muslims recognises
Abu Bakr
as Caliph; believed that it
held the correct tradition
Shi'a Muslims believed
Ali
had a better claim as he was
married to Muhammad's daughter
; would only recognise
descendants of Muhammad
as Caliph
Territorial
Abbasids struggled to maintain
such a large empire and divisions began to emerge
; forced to cede authority in
North Africa and Southern Spain
to the Umayyads
Reconquista
; Christian kings of Northern Spain, supported by the pope,
engaged in war
against them to try and push them out the country
Fatimid dynasty conquered
North Africa with Cairo the capital
Abbasids ruled Asia Minor and Syria from
Baghdad