Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Hernandez_Pecanin_Omofonmwan_Mao ((LOUISA) consolidation and maintenance…

- - - - During the Marriage Reform of 1950, Mao targeted the rottenness of the Chinese marriage system with the fact that no woman had no freedom of choice in love or any basic human right whatsoever.
        As well as making divorce much easier thus, causing an increase in divorce rates making many husbands lose what they perceived as a financial investment.
        What Mao didn't expect was that violence broke out in poorer peasant families as armed mobs attempted to violently reclaim divorced wives.
        
        The famine of late 1950s communes provided little food for women-many turned to prostitution causing women to receive little food from communal kitchens which was allocated on work points but it was bad since women received sexual abuse which was sadly common in the communes and they were forced to work throughout pregnancy often resulting in miscarriages.
        
        During the collectivization, women were forced to work on the farmland. Meaning that they were to make them equal work like men but they still took responsibility for domestic chores at home.
        
        Women were forced to do tasks while they were very physically ill causing children left at kindergartens where facilities were bad.
- - - - The May Fourth Movement
        
        students protested against the Chinese government's weak
        response to the Treaty of Versailles
        
        People were getting mad about how outsiders and foreigners were having influence on the Chinese culture and society
        The conflict between the Japanese and Chinese caused a large division between China and other countries.
        There were higher taxes, poor working conditions, tough military rule and decreasing economic output
    - - The Sino-Japanese War (1937 - 1945)
        
        Jiang decided to change China's alliance with communists and ordered his troops to attack their forces (1939)
        
        1940 - Jiang w/drew all financial support to Mao
        
        led to widespread criticism of Jiang from China and abroad
        
        Jiang's soldiers weren't receiving enough food
        
        many peasants turned to CPC b/c of Jiang's attitude
        
        Jiang's gov. failed to take control of financial situation
      - printing of more money caused hyperinflation - there was no attempt at stabilizing the currency - result = shortage of money w/ consequence of severe repression for the gov. - Chinese intellectuals turned to communism - USA supported GMD after Pearl Harbor - USA proposed to arm communists but was rejected by Jiang - Mao consolidated leadership of CPC by 1945 through instituting series of Rectification Campaigns that eliminated divisions within party - Rectification Movement of 1942 aimed at purging party of undesirable elements and revising Maoist thought - Mao enhanced support among peasants following organizing study sessions among communists - GMD lost support in China and position of CPC strengthened
      - The Civil War of 1946 - 49
        
        communists had control over north and used guerrilla warfare against GMD
        
        GMD suffered defeats and CPC was victorious
        
        1 October 1949 - Mao announced establishment of PRC
        
        China free from internal conflict and external involvement in domestic affairs
        
        new currency and system of taxation introduced
        
        inflation brought under control
    - - after the Japanese took Manchuria, they seized Beijing, Chinese land no longer belonging to the Chinese and declining economic ownership of land for the Chinese people
        
        The peasants' economic stance began to worsen
        
        Jiang printed money to pay his soldiers, which threatened the economy with hyperinflation
        
        heavy taxes on 70% of the people
    - - collapse of the Qing dynasty
        
        a lot of pressure from the Japanese from the Sino-Japanese War
        
        GMD failed to unite and maintain China as a nation
        
        the Chinese people favored Mao and CCP more than Jiang and the GMD
        
        Chinese Civil War highlighted the political instability in China
        
        nationalist and communist powers and movements struggled for power in politics
        
        upbringing of the Three Principles of the People
        1) nationalism - end of foreign control
        2) people's rights - democracy
        3) people's livelihood - economic security for all
  - - - rectification campaigns wanted to "rectify mistaken ideas"
        
        political and class enemies were publicly humiliated and tortured for their opposing ideas, especially towards Mao and communism
        
        Mao forced wealthy landlords from their lands so that the peasants were able to own as much land available
        
        education was forced to be included in the nation's necessities
    - - Mao seemed to be popular because he stood up against the Japanese around the time of the Sino-Japanese War
        
        propaganda made himself be seen as a powerful leader
        
        Mao also gained power by Jiang's lack thereof
        
        Jiang failed in providing economic and political aid for China, but Mao succeeded in gaining the favor of the people
    - - The Long March - spread the ideology of Marxism
        
        Mao encouraged the ideology of communism (one for all, all for one)
        
        encouraged private ownership and collectivization and nationalization of property and economic resources
        
        mass mobilization
        
        Chinese Communism Party helped the working class
        
        Mao's communism focused more on helping the peasants than helping the working class
    - - rectification campaigns in 1942 disapproved of any disloyalty to the government
        
        Gang of Four influenced culturally appropriate practices
        
        The Long March used as propaganda
        The Little Red Book
        
        everyone had to have one
        
        expressed communist practices and ideas
        
        included Mao's lessons and expectations for a communist nation
        
        children forced to learn about it at school
    - - The Great Terror (1950s)
        
        killings of counter-revolutionaries, spies and criminal bosses against the political stance of the nation
        
        encouraged reform of opposers through labor camps
        
        anyone who was assumed to be against Mao's intentions for China was gotten rid of
- - - - After Sino-Soviet split, Chinese textbooks carefully vetted
      - Foreign languages only studied in Maoist translations of literature
      - Emphasis on practical work experience like spending time in fields and factories
      - After Cultural revolution: fewer examinations, reduced content in school and university courses, greater emphasis on practical work (manual labour at least 2 months a year)
      - Cultural Revolution caused undermined education, teachers ridiculed, attacked, curriculum torn up to 12-18 million to the countryside,
        
        Power, Permanent revolution, USSR factor, renew revolutionary spirit, test younger party members,
        attack bureaucrats and intellectuals
        (Aims for Cultural Revol.)