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What did I learn? Scientific knowledge - Biology 1 (2. Plant (As well as…
What did I learn? Scientific knowledge - Biology 1
Living Things
What are the 2 main groups of living things?
Plants
Animals
What are the 7 things that all living things can do?
Grow
Reproduce
Respire
Ensure not to use the word breathe as not all organisms breathe! E.G. Fish: Oxygen passes through their Gills BUT they do not respire - taking oxygen to make energy.
Feed (Gain Nutrients)
Move
Excretion (Allowing waste to leave)
React to stimulus
To help children to remember these we can create Acronyms!
Cells
These are the basic building blocks of all living things
We cannot see these with the naked eye and require a Microscope to see them.
This can make it hard to teach to children, as they cannot see them.
There are 2 main types of cells
Animal
Almost all of these cells have 3 main parts
Cytoplasm: Where all of the reactions take place
Nucleus: Contains cell DNA and it controls the cell activity
Cell Membrane: This keeps the cell together and it controls what goes in and out of the cell.
There are different types of
specialised
animal cells which have different roles.
Nerve Cells
Also can be called
Neurons
They are adapted to take electrical impulses from one place in the body to another
Muscle Cells
Muscle cells bring parts of the body closer together and are held together in tight bundles
There are different types of muscle cells E.G. Cardiac, Skeletal or Smooth.
Cheek Cells
These are very simple cells, they die and are replaced easily.
Red blood Cells
Red blood cells carry oxygen around the body.
They are Biconcave - specially shaped to carry more oxygen.
Sperm/ Egg Cells
The
Sperm
cell contains the genetic material for fertilisation in its head
The tail enables the
sperm
to swim and they are the smallest cells in the body.
The egg cells are one of the biggest cells in the body and only a few are made.
The cytoplasm of the egg cell contains nutrients for the growth of the early embryo.
There is an exception to this rule, Red Blood Cells - they have NO NUCLEUS. They have a specialised shape (Biconcave) so they can carry more oxygen.
2. Plant
As well as the 3 parts found in animal cells, most plant cells have 3 additional parts.
1.
Chloroplasts
- contain chlorophyll. Use energy from sunlight for photosynthesis.
Vacuole
- stores cell sap, a watery nutrient mix. Also helps support cell.
Cell Wall
- rigid outer wall that provides support.
Plant cells are also specialised for different roles E.G. Leaf cells, Xylem cells and Root tip cells
Microbes
A microorganism, or microbe, is a microscopic organism, which may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony of cells. These can be 'Good' or 'Bad'.
Examples:
1. Bacteria
Good Example
:
Escherichia Coli – found in our digestive systems and aid our digestive processes whilst helping to keep away “bad” bacteria
Bad example
:
Escherichia Coli – other strains of E. coli can cause fatal digestive tract infections
2. Viruses
Generally considered “
bad
” – associated with many diseases: common cold, influenza
Can also be “
good
” – genetically altered viruses are able to insert genetic material into cells to repair or alter them.
3. Fungi
For example: mushrooms, toadstools, truffles, yeast and the less obvious: the spores in blue cheeses, penicillium mold.