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Key dimensions of cultural diversity (Power Distance (Hofstede, 2001;…
Key dimensions of cultural diversity
Culture
:tada:
patterned ways of thinking, feeling and reacting (Hofstede, 2001)
acquired traditional ideas and values (Hofstede, 2001)
a collective phenomenon Hofstede, 2011)
tribes
ethnic groups
connected to different collectives (Hofstede, 2011)
occupational
social classes
genders
nations
organizations
work
job
school
generations
capabilities and habits acquired by a person as a member of society (Adler, 2008)
Power Distance
(Hofstede, 2001; Hofstede, 2011) :checkered_flag:
boss-subordinate relationships (Hofstede, 2001)
determined by society Hofstede, 2001)
Human inequality (Hofstede, 2001)
prestige (Hofstede, 2001)
wealth (Hofsted, 2001)
power (Hofstede, 2001)
invitable (Hofstede, 2001)
functional (Hofstede, 2001)
status consistence (Hofstede, 2001)
considers the extent to which equality is tolerated (Hofstede, 2011)
strong or weak sense of position and status (Hofstede, 2011)
High PD score
bureaucracy is ighly tolerated and encouraged (Hofstede, 2011)
high respect for authority and rank (Hofstede, 2011)
Lower PD score
greater emphasis on personal responsibility (Hofstede, 2011)
flatter organisational structures are encouraged (Hofstede, 2011)
autonomy (Hofstede, 2011)
decentralised structure (Hofstede, 2011)
empowerment by delegation (Hofstede, 2011)
Uncertainty avoidance
(Hofstede, 2001; Hofstede, 2011) :warning:
the different attitudes to risk taking between countries (Hofstede, 2011)
level of anxiety people feel in uncertain/ unknown situations (Hofstede, 2011)
Low level
a willingness to accept more risk (Hofstede, 2011)
work outside the rules (Hofstede, 2011)
embrace change (Hofstede, 2011)
entrepreneurial national culture (Hofstede, 2011)
Higher levels
more support for rules and data (Hofstede, 2011)
clarity of roles and responsibilities (Hofstede, 2011)
less entrepreneurial (Hofstede, 2011)
Need for more certainty (Hofstede, 2011)
Individualism vs. Collectivism :silhouette:
(Hofstede, 2001; Hofstede 2011) :silhouettes:
Individualism
:silhouette:
a blessing (Hofstede, 2001)
a source of well being (Hofstede, 2001)
alienating (Hofstede, 2001)
commissions paid for individual performance (Hofsted, 2011)
bonuses for individual performance (Hofstede, 2011)
Collectivism
:silhouettes:
nuclear family (Hofstede, 2001)
extended family (Hofstede, 2001)
tribes (Hofstede, 2001)
teamwork is valued more (Hofstede, 2011)
bonuses for team efforts (Hofstede, 2011)
Masculinity vs. Femininity
(Hofstede 2001; Hostede, 2011) :silhouettes:
Masculinity
:
ego goals (Hofstede, 2001)
careers (Hofstede, 2001)
money (Hofstede, 2001)
Femininity
relationships (Hofstede, 2001)
helping others (Hofstede, 2001)
physical environment (Hofstede, 2001)
Long term vs short term orientation
(Hofstede, 2001; Hofsted 2011) :
Linked to the teachings of Confucius (Hofstede, 2001)
persistence (Hofstede, 2001)
thrift (Hofstede, 2001)
personal stability (Hofstede, 2001)
respect for tradition (Hofstede, 2001)
emphasis on time horizon for business planning, objectives and performance (Hofstede, 2011)
Cultural Diversity
is a strength
(Ramirez, 2001)
Indulgence vs. Restraint
(Hofstede, 2001; Hofstede, 2011) :confetti_ball: :lock:
Indulgence
:confetti_ball:
express yourself freely (Hofstede, 2011)
free gratification of basic and natural human drives (Hofstede, 2011)
related to enjoying life and having fun (Hofstede, 2011)
Restraint
:lock:
suppressed gratification of needs (Hofstede, 2011)
society regulates needs using strict societal norms (Hofstede, 2011)