Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Biomedical Engineering (Tissue Engineering (Biomaterials (considerations)…

- - - - Primary use is imaging the "function"
        
        SPECT
        
        PET
        
        (Listening and seeing)
    - - CT
      - MRI
  - - - Scanner
      - Others
      - Motion
    - - Restraints
        
        Non-invasive
        
        Invasive
      - Drugs
    - - Excluding, image registration, gating, deconvolution, data-driven approaches, event-by-event based
      - Motion tracking w or w/o markers
- - - - Herniated disks
      - Slipped disks
- - - - DMR. Specifications, production procedures, equipment and environment requirements
      - DHF - risk management, inputs, outputs, verification records, validation records, project management
- - - - Super super small materials that can
        
        enter cells and interact with the cell compartments/organelles
        
        Target and interact with specific biomolecules
        
        Exploit any physical nano/microsized gaps in the body that may let NP through
      - Very high surface area to volume ratio
        
        surface is highly reactive
        
        more surface for contact
        
        can put more "stuff" on the surface on the nanomaterials for a given mass or volume
    - - nanobiosensors
      - electrodes
      - electrogenic tissues
      - Multi electrode arrays
      - hybrid - bioelectronics tissues
  - - - Biological imaging
        Sensing of biomolecules
        
        can sense cancer cells through biosensing.
      - locating in oncology and diagnostics
    - - vitro cell culture/ vivo administration
    - - Targeted, controlled drug delivery, targeted cell killing (typically cancer cells)
    - - immune system will eat the nanoparticle away before it does anything as it attracts and attaches to the cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system
        
        Solution to avoiding MPS: coat the surface with plyethylene glycol(PEG). Creates a 'hydration layer' that prevents protein adsorption.
        
        if NP smaller than 5nm, cleared out by kidney
        
        if bigger than 5nm, continues to circulate in the blood and then reach intended destination: either:
        
        passively: using gaps in blood vessels around particular tissues e.g. tumours
        
        actively: attaching ligand molecules onto NP to attach to a specific target receptor molecule
- - - - nanotechnology is used for medical diagnosis or treating or preventing diseases.
    - - nanotechnology for an electronic system used to record or stimulate a biological event of interest
  - - - wellness and sports bands/physiological monitoring, sleep, etc.
        
        cochlear, retinal, deep brain stimulation, bladder control, brain machine interface to control prosthetic limbs
    - - soft, stretchable, tissue generated/ self powered, wireless/ high efficiency, accuracy/ reliable/ non-invasive, minimum discomfort/ single task/ integration healthcare/ consumer/ personalised
- - - - diagnosis
        
        current best practice test is expensive and inconvenient, home sleep testing, daytime test is better, multi-night monitoring is better
      - therapy monitoring
        
        wearable monitoring, smartwatches, fitbit, etc.
  - - - Individual: impaired cognition and concentration, negative mood, reduced quality of life, impaired blood pressure and blood sugar control
      - Societal: increased accident and injury, healthcare utilisation cost, lost productivity, human cost in lost 'wellbeing', total economic burden of $36 billion per annum in Australia
      - Health risks: poor sleep quality linked to mental disorders, especially depression, and also linked to chronic physical conditions
- - - - Mobility:
        
        robotic walkers, exoskeletons, toys for early intervention
        
        Speech and communication:
        
        Eye gaze, dysarthric speech recognition, brain computer interfaces
      - Cures:
        
        neural interfaces: mobility and pain, continence, touch and prooprioception
        
        Stem cells: 3D printed neural tissue, stem cell delivery, growth factors
      - Calculations of circulatory systems
- - - - Anatomy identification
    - - Ultrasound imaging, x-rays, Computerised tomography (CT scans, MRI scans), medical scan data etc.
        
        ROI: to generate a prothesis for an anatomy. Then using the data gathered in step 1, import image stack, seperate into different tissue types or parts, apply smoothing filter and or fit curves, create surface model, generate solid model.
        
        Required inputs: geometry, material properties, loads, boundary conditions (provided by ROI). Generate appropriate mesh, characterise interaction between anatomy and prosthesis, verify simulation results and prosthesis design.
- - - - Complying to ISO13485 would have definitely helped with their situation in the beginning.
- - - - implantation method: sits within a stable "pocket", simplified surgical approach, protection of neurons from stimulation by-products due to physical separation, can co-exist with residual vision.
- - - - Pluripotent
      - Multipotent
  - - - Degradation
  - - - Skin
        Cartilage
        Liver
        Brain
      - Soft tissue
        materials