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Evaluate research methods used to study the influence of globalization on…
Evaluate research methods used to study the influence of globalization on behavior
INTRODUCTION
Importance of question
Studying globalization and behavior enables psychologists to figure out why certain cultures have certain customs and beliefs, as well as why and how acculturation occurs.
Psychologists use different research methods to study the influence of globalization on behavior so that they can increase reliability and validity of the claims that they make. It is also useful to use different methods because some may find different results than others. Every method has its own strengths and weaknesses.
Globalization is a term that is commonly used today to describe the state of the world. Humans all over the word interact with each other, and along with those interactions comes the spread and exchange of information and customs. This impacts how people think and behave.
Outline
This essay will define globalization and it's influence on behavior, and then evaluate the use of the following methods to study their connection:
Questionaires
Case Study
Semi-structured Interview
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Relevant strengths: Questionnaires collect data quickly, usually have a high ecological validity, can also have high external validity, can be generalized, can be representative
Relevant limitations: Low internal validity, participant and researcher variables not always controlled, participants may choose to lie to fit in with a social norm
Definition of questionnaires and description of Novotny and Polonsky (2011) (aim, sample, procedures, findings). This is a study on Intergroup Contact Theory testing people from Czech and Slovakia knowledge and perception of Muslim people.
Transition: Questionnaires do give good insight and data that can be generalized, but not enough to make in-depth claims about how globalization actually effects behavior. For more detailed and long term focus on effect of globalization, case studies can be used.
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Illustration: Trade and travel
Definition of socialization, enculturation, and acculturation. Connection with globalization, there is increased globalization and interaction when these processes occur, or globalization can lead to these things occurring.
Definition of globalization: increased inter-national exchanges of goods, services, information, and people
Leads to an interaction between local and foreign / global influences on behavior
Impacts local identities and cultures, e.g., through social learning
The study of globalization has a few goals. These include exploring how cultures can evolve/change over time, how groups of people interact, and how the cause of globalization leads to its effects on behavior and learning. It also includes figuring out where globalization had a negative effect on individuals and why. This requires use of different research, all of which have limits and trade-offs.
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Relevant strengths: Case studies provide more in-depth data, representative of real-life, high ecological validity, can provide opportunities to see situations that cannot be formulated by researchers
Relevant limits: Hard to generalize to other populations, limited external and internal validity, cannot be replicated
Definition of case study and description of Becker (2002) (aim, sample, procedures, findings). This is a study on eating behavior among teenage girls in the Fiji Islands.
Transition: Case studies can be very time consuming and not collect in depth data on more than one group of people. Semi-structured interviews can collect detailed information from more than one person or group.
Conclusion
Case studies: in-depth exploration that poses new study ideas. Not being able to manipulate IV and having a low generalizability makes it difficult to establish cause and effect of findings.
Semi-structured interviews: Allow for collection of detailed and sensitive data, but can be hard to pinpoint patterns. Can also be artificial and not always representative of real life, internal validity low.
Questionnaires: quickly gathered and representative data that can be generalized to different areas/people. Absence of internal validity can limit reliability, also makes it hard to create in-depth conclusions about the bigger topic.
However, studying globalization is not easy, and requires use of several methods to make up for the weaknesses and limits of each other.
Studying globalization is important to asses where certain evolvements and changes come from/form.
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Definition of semi-structured interviews and description of Liu (2018) (aim, sample, procedures, findings). This was a study on Chinese student acculturation in the US.
Relevant strengths: High ecological validity, can gain detailed and sensitive data, less biased by researchers preconceptions, flexible, open and closed questions
Relevant Limits: Can be artificial, data analysis can be confusing and time consuming, data not easily generalizable, can have conflicting internal validity