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chapter 8-9 (metabolism (energy is the capacity to cause change (study of…
chapter 8-9
metabolism
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anabolic pathways -consume energy to build complex molecules -such as synthesis of proteins from amino acids.
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free energy -the portion of a systems energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system, such as a living cell.
can be seen as a measure of a systems instability, and that it will have a tendencie to return to a mroe stable state.
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a cell does three kinds of work -chemical, transport, and mechanical. a
cells manage their energy resources to do work using energy coupling-using an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one
ATP is responsible for mediating most energy coupling to cells, also acts as a immediate source of energy for cellular;ar work
exergonic and endergonic
based on free energy changes, an exergonic reaaction proceeds with a net release of free energy ^G is negative for the reaction. because it loses energy
represents the maximum amount of work the reaction can perform, the greater the decrease in free energy, the greater amount of work can be done.
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enzyme- a macro molecule acting as a catalyst, speeds up reaction without being consumed by reaction
catalysis- process which a selectively speeds up reactions, lowers activation barrier
the reactant an enzyme acts on is its substrate. enzyme binds to substrate, creating a enzyme-substrate complex.
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catabolic pathways
aerobic respiration, where oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with organic fuel .
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redoc reactions- the loss of one electron to another substance is oxidation, and the addition of an electron is reduction.transfer of electrons plays a major roll in catabolic pathways.
electron donor is called the reducing agent, electron acceptors are the oxidizing agent.
NAD+co enzyme called nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, an electron carrier , as well as its reduced from NADH, functioning as a oxidizing agent during respiration.
NADH shows hydrogen has been received Ina reaction.. this represents stored enegery in a reaction, and can be "tapper" when electron complete their fall down the gradient
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN- consists of a number of molecules, mostly proteins, electrons are moved from the higher energy end "top" to the lower energy
oxidation allows the transfer of electrons to a lower state of energy, liberating energy to become available for ATP synthesis.
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