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34 yr. old recently diagnosed with AIDS and HIV a year before, showing no…

- - - - activate B and T cells
      - inform macrophages and dendritic cells of a problem
      - important cell b/c without this cell, there is no immune response
      - secrete cytokines
    - - calm down response
      - important in preventing autoimmune reactions
    - - killer and destroy foreign antigens
      - circulate in blood and lymph
      - recognize cancer, foreign, virus-infected cells
      - release perforins which create pores and granzymes to stimulate apoptosis
- - - - sticky mucus that lines digestive & respiratory tract
    - - antimicrobial peptide that inhibits microbial growth
    - - acidity of skin inhibit growth
- - - - humoral(antibody-mediated) immunity
        
        temporarily bind to target cells
        
        mark for destruction
        
        antibodies produced by B lymphocytes
      - cellular(cell-mediated) immunity
        
        lymphocytes act against target cells
        
        directly kill antigens
        
        indirectly by chemical
  - - - pathogens outside cell
    - - pathogens outside the cell
  - - - dendritic cells
      - macrophages
      - B cells
  - - - recognize and target specific regions
    - - not restricted
    - - allows for stronger attack to known antigen
- - - - first antibody released
    - - found in mucous
      - help prevent entry of pathogens
    - - attach to B cells
    - - 75-85% of antibodies In plasma
      - crosses placental barrier
      - secondary responders
    - - active in allergies and parasitic infections
      - cause mast cells and basophils to release histamine
- - - - B cells mature
    - - T cells mature
      - most active and largest in childhood
      - still produces immunocompetent cells but rate decreases over the years
  - - - principal secondary lymphoid organ
      - body surfaces; axillary, inguinal, cervical
      - functions; cleanse and filter lymph
      - offer a place for lymphocytes to activate and prepare for attack
      - regions of node
        
        cortex and medulla
        
        cortex
        
        superficial area
        
        contains follicles w/ germinal centers
        
        B cells
        
        a lot of dendritic cells
        
        medulla
        
        medullary cords extended
        
        B, T and plasma cells
    - - largest lymphoid organ
      - filter blood
      - served by splenic artery
      - function; stores platelets, monocytes, iron
      - cleanses blood cells and platelets
      - site of fetal erythrocyte production
      - two components
        
        white pulp
        
        where immune responses occur
        
        lymphocytes on reticular fibers
        
        red pulp
        
        site old blood cells and pathogens destroyed
        
        RBC's & macrophages
    - - mucous membranes, protect from pathogens
      - tonsils
        
        contain germinal centers
        
        palatine tonsils
        
        largest and often infected
      - peyer's patch
        
        clusters of lymphoid follicles
        
        destroy bacteria and generate memory cells
      - appendix
        
        contains lymphoid follicles