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Chemical Tests (Gas Test (Chlorine (Steps (1) Prepare a test tube with…

- - - - Test tube with oxygen
      - A glowing splint
      - Bung
    - - 1) Prepare a test tube of oxygen and plug it with a bung
      - 2) Light a splint and put the fire out
      - 3) Remove the bung and quickly place the unlit splint in
      - 4) The splint should light up again because oxygen is present for combustion
  - - - Test tube with hydrogen
      - Bung
      - A glowing splint
    - - 1) Prepare a test of hydrogen and plug it with a bung
      - 2) Light a splint
      - 3) Remove the bung and place the splint in it
      - 4) There should be a 'pop' sound because hydrogen is present
  - - - Straw
      - Test Tube with Lime Water
    - - 1) Prepare a test tube with lime water in it
      - 2) Put a straw into the test tube
      - 3) Blow into the straw
      - 4) The lime water should turn cloudy because carbon dioxide is present
  - - - Test tube with chlorine gas
      - Bung
      - Damp blue litmus paper
    - - 1) Prepare a test tube with chlorine gas
      - 2) Plug the test tube with a bung
      - 3) Remove the bung and put the damp blue litmus paper into it
      - 4) The blue litmus paper will turn red because chlorine gas in present
  - - - Test Tube with Ammonia gas
      - Bung
      - Damp red litmus paper
    - - 1) Prepare a test tube with ammonia gas
      - 2) Plug the test tube with a bung
      - 3) Remove the bung and insert the damp red litmus paper into the test tube
      - 4) The litmus paper should immediately turn blue because ammonia gas is present
- - - - Sodium Sulphate + Barium Chloride --> Barium Sulphate + Sodium Chloride
      - Na2SO4 + BaCl2 --> BaSO4 + 2NaCl
      - S04 2- + Ba 2+ --> BaSO4
  - - - Calcium Carbonate + Hydrochloric Acid → Calcium Chloride + Carbon Dioxide + Water
      - CaCO3 (aq) + 2HCl (aq) --> CaCl2 (aq) + 2CO2 (g) + H2O (l)
      - CO3 2- + 2H + --> CO2 + H2O
    - - The lime water will turn cloudy because calcium carbonate is formed
  - - - Sodium Chloride + Silver Nitrate --> Silver Chloride + Sodium Nitrate
      - NaCl (aq) + AgNO3 (aq) --> AgCl (s) + NaNO3 (aq)
      - Cl(-) + Ag(+) --> AgCl (s)
- - - - 2) Dip it into the HCl again and then the compound you are going to test.
      - 3) Place the wire into the edge of the blue Bunsen flame.
      - 1) Dip the nichrome wire loop into concentrated hydrochloric acid to remove any ions that would affect the result and place in blue (non-luminous) Bunsen flame to check it is clean
    - - Lithium
        
        Red
      - Sodium
        
        Yellow
      - Potassium
        
        Lilac
      - Calcium
        
        Orange - Red
      - Copper
        
        Blue - Green
      - Barium
        
        Apple Green
      - Strontium
        
        Bright Red
  - - - 1) Add Sodium Hydroxide into a test tube
      - 2) Insert the element into the test tube and observe
    - - Aluminium
        
        White precipitate, soluble in excess giving a colourless solution
      - Zinc
        
        White precipitate, soluble in excess giving a colourless solution
      - Calcium
        
        White precipitate, insoluble in excess
      - Copper
        
        Light blue precipitate, insoluble in excess
      - Chromium
        
        Green precipitate, soluble in excess
      - Iron (II) 2+
        
        Green precipitate, insoluble in excess
      - Iron (III) 3+
        
        Red brown precipitate, insoluble in excess