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Williams et al. (2013) (Procedures (Baseline measure (T1) were taken on…
Williams et al. (2013)
Aims
Aimed to investigate the impact of seven-day internet-delivered, 'imagery-based cognitive bias modification' on negative thinking bias, distress and depressive symptoms
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Procedures
Participants were recruited by clinic based in Sydney, Australia. Prospective participants completed an online screening questionnaire and then a diagnostic interview
69 Participants randomly allocated to the intervention group (38 pps) or the 'wait-list' group (31 pps)
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Baseline measure (T1) were taken on depressive symptoms, distress, degree of disability, anxiety and repetitive negative thinking for all participants.
This was done via short, structured telephone interviews
Done through a variety of questionnaires including: the Beck Depression Inventory, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale and the Ambiguous Scenarios Test - Depression for negative thinking bias
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Then finally the WL group completed the same 10 week ICBT treatment but without the initial week of CBM-I
CBM-I involves 20 minute daily session for one week. They are presented with ambiguous scenarios which are resolved in a positive manner. 'Bottom up' approach
iCBT comprises of six online lessons each showcasing 'best practice CBT' and regular 'homework assignments'. 'Top-down approach'
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Results
Following the CBM-I, at T2 the mean BDI-II score went down 9 points (from T1) for the intervention group, compared to the decrease of about 3 points for the WL
Following iCBT, at T3 the mean BDI-II score dropped nearly 18 points (from T1) in the intervention group. The WL the score was only 7.5 points lower than at the start of the study
Average Distress scores (K10) decreased by nearly 12 points for the intervention group but only 4 points for WL
Conclusions
brief, online CBM-I can lead to significant symptom reduction in just one week
The combined intervention significantly reduced depressive symptoms, distress, disability and anxiety in people diagnosed with MDD
suggesting the integration of ta 'bottom-up' approach into more traditional 'top-down' iCBT may be a useful addition
Evaluation
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:red_cross: However, this study could be improved by collecting further data from the WLC group following their 10-week course of iCBT.
:red_cross: A weakness of self-report scales it that people may not answer honestly about their symptoms, this mean that data collected might be bias and invalid
:red_cross: Lack of concern for the WLC as they were left with no support whilst experiencing depression - PFH
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