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60 year old women has experienced a myocardial infarction (Heart Attack).,…

- - - - Right Atrium
        
        Tricuspid valve
        
        Right ventricle
        
        Pulminary Semi lunar valve
        
        Pulminary trunk
        
        R/L Pulmonary arteries
        
        1 more item...
  - - - Right ventricle: pumps blood into the pulmonary trunk (actual pumps of the heart)
        
        Left atrium: receives oxygenated blood from the lungs
        
        Valves
        
        left ventricle: pumps blood into the aorta (actual pumps of the heart)
        
        Papillary muscles: in ventricular cavity tightend cordae tendineae
        
        interventricular septum: separates ventricles
        
        1 more item...
        
        Cordae tendineae: tightens the AV valves closed
        
        Aorta: largest artery in the body
        
        Atrioventricular valves (AV Valves): prevents back flow into atria when ventricles contract
        
        Tricuspid Valve: lies between right atria and ventricles
        
        Bicuspid valve (Mitral valve): lies between left atria and ventricle
        
        Semilunar valves:prevent backflow from major arteries into ventricles,open /close to presure changes
        
        Aortic semi lunar valve: between left ventricle and aorta
        
        pulmonary semi lunar valve: between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
        
        2 left pulminary veins and 2 right pulmonary veins empy into left atrium
        
        Pulmonary trunk: branches out to the L/R pulmonary arteries
        
        L/R pulmonary arteries:
      - 3 veins dump into Right atrium
        
        Superior vena cava: returns blood from upper body regions
        
        Inferior Vena cava: returns blood from lower body regions
        
        Corinary sinus: returns blood from corinary veins, empties into Right atrium
    - - Fibrous: Protects heart, anchors heart to suroundings
      - Parietal: lines internal surface of fibrous
      - Visceral: (also epicardium) sits directly on surface of the heart
    - - Epicardium: (also visceral pericardium)
      - Myocardium: spiral muscles of contractile cardiac muscle cells
        
        "wringing mop" effect
        
        Cardiac muscle cells: striated, one central nucleus,lots of mitochondria resistant to fatigue
        
        intercalated discs:junctions between cardiac cell containing desmosomes and gap junctions
        
        Desmosomes: hold cells together preventing separation during contraction
        
        Gap junctions: allows ions to pass from cell to cell, heart is able to function as a unit .
        
        myocytes: heart cells, heart contracts as a unnit.
        
        contractile cells: responsible for the contraction
        
        make up bulk of heart
        
        Pacemaker cells Non contractile cells, initiate depolariaztion of the heart and DO NOT need the nervous system for stimulation
        
        action potential
        
        pacemaker potential : K+ channels close but Na+ channels are open, inside becomes +
        
        Depolarization at threshold: Ca+ channels open allowing influx of Ca+ leads to rise of action potential
        
        Repolarization: K+ channels open allowing influx of K+ and cell becomes negative
        
        muscle fibers have a longer absolute refractory period preventing tetany and relies solely on aerobic respiration
      - Endocardium: innermost lining layer of heart
        
        simple squamous epithelium
      - Cardiac skeleton: a base for the cardiac muscle, anchors cardiac muscle fibers while supporting great vessles/ valves and limiting action potentioal to specific areas
    - - Arteries: Going away from the heart (A-rteries--A-way)
      - Veins: Going toward the heart
    - - L/R Coronary arteries: supply blood to heart
        
        Left coronary Artery:supplies interventricular septum, anterior ventricle walls, left atrium, posterior wall of left ventricle
        
        Anterior interventricular artery
        
        Circumflex artery
        
        Right coronary artery: supplies right atrium and most of right ventricle
        
        Right marginal artery
        
        Posterior interventricular artery
      - coronary veins
        
        Cardiac veins: collect blood from capillary beds
        
        coronary sinus: empties into right atrium
        
        Great cardiac Vein: on anterior interventricular sulcus
        
        middle cardiac vein: sits in posterior interventricular sulcus
  - - - the sound created when the semilunar valves close
        
        ventricular diastole
    - - the sound created when the atrioventricular vales close
        
        ventricular systole
  - - - Short, low pressure
        
        right side walls are not very thick
    - - long, high friction
        
        Left ventricle walls obviously thicker due to more presure
  - - - Sinoatrial node: pacemaker of heart in right atrium, generates impulses
        
        Atrioventricular node:in inferior interatrial septum allows atrail contraction prior to ventricular contraction
        
        Atrioventricular bundle: bundle of his, superior portion of interventricular septum, only electrical connection between atria and ventricles
        
        Right and left bundle branches; carry impulses toward apex of heart
        
        Subendocardial conduction network (purkinje fibers): ventricular contraction follows (wringing mop)
    - - QRS complex: ventricle depolarization and atrial re polarization
      - T wave: ventricular repolarization
      - P wave: depolarization of SA node and atria
  - - - systolic: the top number, heart squeezing blood through the arteries
      - Diastolic: bottom number, heart relaxation
- - - - Right Atrium
        
        Tricuspid valve
        
        Right ventricle
        
        Pulminary Semi lunar valve
        
        Pulminary trunk
        
        R/L Pulmonary arteries
        
        1 more item...
  - - - Right ventricle
        
        Left atrium
        
        Valves
        
        Aortic semi lunar valve
        
        pulminary semi lunar valve
        
        left ventricle
        
        2 more items...
        
        Semilunar valve
        
        Aortic
        
        Pulmonary
        
        AV Valves
        
        Tricuspid valve
        
        Bicuspid valve (Mitral valve)
        
        L/R pulminary veins
        
        Pulminary trunk
        
        L/R pulminary arteries
      - Inferior vena cava
      - Coronary sinus
      - Superior vena cava
    - - Fibrous
      - Parietal
    - - Epicardium
        
        Visceral
      - Myocardium
        
        muscle cells
        
        action potential
      - Endocardium
      - Cardiac skeleton
    - - Arteris
      - Veins
    - - L/R coronary arteries
      - Coronary Veins
  - - - Sinoatrial node
        
        Atrioventricular node
        
        Atrioventricular bundle
        
        Right and left bundle branches
        
        Subendocardial conduction network (purkinje fibers)
- - - - kidneys clean your blood of waste and extra water among many other things. They rely on proper circulation to carry out its processes
    - - nervous system works closely with all other body systems, lack of proper circulation especially to the brain can cause severe issues such as strokes due to lack of blood flow and oxygen to the brain.
    - - shortness of breath may occur even when resting, other symptoms one may experience include fatigue and weakness