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Encephalocele encephalocele-web_small (Nursing interventions…
Encephalocele
Definition
Neural tube defect characterized by sac-like protrusions of the brain &
Membranes that cover it through openings in the skull
Symptoms
Ataxia (uncoordinated muscle movement)
Microcephaly (an abnormally small head)
Spastic quadriplegia (paralysis of the limbs)
Mental and growth retardation
Hydrocephalus
Treatment
Endoscopic Endonasal Approach
Surgery
Pathophysiology
CSF circulates thru ventricular system and is absorbed
within subarachnoid spaces by unknown mechanism
Lymphatic-like drainage by the extracellular fluid in brain
Secretion by the choroid plexus
Nursing interventions
administration of intravenous antibiotics as prescribed
Monitor for increased Inter-Cranial Pressure
Cover defect with sterile wet saline dressing
Place patient in prone position
Measure head circumference
Monitor for early signs of infection
Evaluate the sac and measure lesion
Diagnostic procedures
Amniotic Alpha feto protein
Ultrasound
CT Scan
Maternal serum Alpha feto protein at 16-20 weeks
Amniotic acetyl cholineterase
Causes
Teratogens
Trypan blue
History of anencephaly
arsenic
history of spina bifida
