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ROPS Week 5- 'Lambs into Lions’? Christianity; ‘Just War’ and the…
ROPS Week 5- 'Lambs into Lions’? Christianity; ‘Just War’ and the legitimatizing of ‘Sacred Violence’ in the Late Roman Empire
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The Decian Persecution of 549- commands sacrifice to pagan gods and obtain certificates- effort to enforce solidarity and restore pax deorum/’peace of the gods’
Constantine and the Edict of Milan, 313
The Great Persecution of Diocletian, 303
Christians were believed to be responsible for their own persecution because they refused to acknowledge the pagan gods
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Constantine did the same, but he tried to unify the empire around Christianity
Constantine
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Syncretism- fusing of pagan/Christian identities- minor gods identified with saints- saints had festivals and stuff
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The Donatist Controversy (300-400s)- Donatists don’t believe anyone can be a Christian- make a cult around the martyrs and set up a rival Christian church in North Africa
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St Augustine
Catholic church won the contest through violence- Augustine realised you could persecute people into becoming religious
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Emperor Julian ‘the Apostate’ (332-63)- ‘Hellenism’- raised a Christian but converted to Greek religion
381- Emperor Theodosius- proclaims the orthodoxy of the Nicene creed- Iconoclasm and destruction of temples (Dendara)
391- Destruction of the Serapeum, Alexandria
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Martyrdom became a shared tradition of Abrahamic religions- contains in its history an ancient violent tradition- the reason was the promise of eternal reward (Gervase Phillips, ‘The violent birth of martyrdom’- how the ancient concept informs modern religious violence’, The Conversation (18 July, 2017))