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21.Hypothesis Testing (Categories (Comparing a statistic to a hypothesis…

- - - - Used when there is only one factor for x
      - • Used when there is one level of interest for x (the input)
      - o Typically, there is one set of data (the sample) and a target
      - • Used when comparing proportions (percentage, rates) between samples and a target
      - • Test is available in Minitab
      - o Requires samples in columns or summary of data to include number of events, number of trials, and hypothesized proportion
    - - • Used when there is only one factor for x
      - • Used when there are 2 levels of interest for x (the input)
      - o Typically, there are two sets of data regarding the input and you are comparing those two sets of data
      - • Used when comparing proportions (percentage, rates) between samples or between samples and a target
      - • Test is available in Minitab
      - o Requires samples in columns
  - - - Used when comparing means
      - • Typically used when dealing with smaller samples or when standard deviation is known.
      - o When dealing with larger samples or when standard deviation is not known, use the 1-Sample Z-Test.
      - • 1-Sample T Test compares the mean of a sample to a target mean
      - • Paired T Test compares the mean of a sample against the mean of another sample for the same factor of X. Usually, the first sample is the baseline and the second sample is taken after a change is made; the test is run to see if the change made a difference.
      - • 1-Sample T Test is available in Minitab
      - o Requires standard deviation, mean, and sample size as well as the target, or hypothesized mean.
      - • Paired T Test is available in Minitab and Excel’s Analysis TookPak
    - - Used when comparing standard deviation or variance
      - • Compares the standard deviation or variance between two samples of the same x factor (usually one sample is taken after a change to the process has been made) or compares the standard deviation or variance to a target or hypothesized statistic.
      - • Is available in Minitab
      - Requires sample data in two columns or summary data to include sample size with either sample standard deviation or sample variance and a hypothesized standard deviation or variance.
    - - • Used when comparing means
      - • Compares the means between two samples of the different x factors
      - • Is available in Minitab and Excel
      - o Requires sample data in two columns or summary data to include sample size, sample mean, and standard deviation for both samples
      - • Requires you to note whether equal variances between the two samples are assumed or not
  - - - Used when comparing standard deviation or variance
      - Compares the standard deviation or variance between two samples of the same x factor (usually one sample is taken after a change to the process has been made) or compares the standard deviation or variance to a target or hypothesized statistic.
      - Requires sample data in two columns or summary data to include sample size with either sample standard deviation or sample variance and a hypothesized standard deviation or variance.
    - - • Used when comparing medians
      - • Compares the medians between a sample and a hypothesized sample or a new sample to a previous sample before changes were made
      - • Is available in Minitab
      - o Requires sample data in a column and hypothesized mean
      - • Typically used when data is somewhat symmetrical; otherwise, you can use the 1-Sample Sign test in Minitab for the same thing
    - - • Used when comparing medians
      - • Compares the medians between samples of two factors of x
      - • Is available in Minitab
      - o Requires sample data in columns