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Population Genetics and Evolution (Population Genetics ((((Factors that…
Population Genetics and Evolution
Rates of Evolution
Most populations already well adapted
difficult to identify particular alleles
easily identifiable if phenotype is affected
evolution studies concern gross structures
Flowers
Leaves
Fruits
Shoots
Very few mutations produce a superior phenotype
Speciation
Divergent Speciation
Population Diverges
Into a new, second species
or become a new third specieis
others in population can be unchanged
adaptive radiation
founder individuals
offspring greatly resemble the first
gene pool extremely small
species rapidly diverges into many species
few selective agents
new alleles build rapidly
genetic drift
subject to accidents
gene pool change rapidly e
Convergent evolution
occupy the same/similar habits
may favor the same phenotypes
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Two distinct unrelated
Evolution and the Origin of Life
Chemosynthesis
Aggregation and Organization
Early Metabolism
heterotrophs
present in almost all organisms
modifying few molecules
absorbing all material from ocean
Formation of Polymers
Concentration of monomers
Seaside pools
Evaporation
Water Freezing
Absorption by clay particles
Organic Molecules
Specific Orientation
Oxygen
evolution of chlorophyll a
o2 released as a waste product
oxidizing atmosphere
Derived from early second atmosphere
Conditions on Earth Before the Origin of Life
Approx. 4.6 Billion Years ago
Population Genetics
Factors that cause the gene poole to change
multiple selection pressures
loss of individuals
not caused by single factor
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Gene Pool
