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Biology Y8 Microbes and Disease (how the disease can be spread (contact…
Biology Y8
Microbes and Disease
pathogen
Virus
fungi
bacteria
some types of bacteria are
Food Poisoning
cholera
tuberculosis
protist
pathogen
= a micro organism that causes disease
communicable
= can be passed on (contagious)
non-communicable
= can't be passed on must be Inherited
the first line of defense
stomach= Produces hydrochloric acid to kill any pathogens that may enter
eyes= produces tears that contain the enzyme lysosomes to destroy bacteria
skin= A barrier to pathogens that produces antibacterial secretions
air passages= produces mucus to tap pathogens they are also lined with cilia
nose= contains hairs to keep out dust and larger micro organisms
cuts= platelets causes blood to clot and form a scab
how the disease can be spread
contact with something that an infected touched
contaminated air
contact with infected blood
contaminated water
contact with infected person
contaminated food
sexually transmitted
animals
the second line of defense
antibodies =
DESTROYS
the pathogen
antitoxins =
NEUTRILISE
the pathogen
phagocytosis =
ENGULFS / DIGEST'S
the pathogen (NOT EAT)
Phagocytes = carries out phagocytosis
lymphocytes = produce antibodies
the life cycle of a Phagosite
the phagocyte identifys a pathogen and attaches itself to it
the cytoplasm surrounds the pathogen
the indigestible residue is reduced
the pathogen is killed and digested (not eaten)
A microorganism is a small organism that can't be seen with the naked eye
the life cycle of a antibodies
the pathogen contain antigens ( unique to the pathogen) on the surface
some lymphocytes 'remember' the pathogen and stay in the body
when a lymphocyte detects these antigens, they are activated which cause them to divide some lymphocytes stay in the blood
the antibodies lock onto the antigen and destroy the pathogen
Vaccines work by introducing a weekend or inactive version of the disease triggering the immune system and producing memory cells. this is why you are sometimes ill after having a vaccination (inflammatory response)