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CANCER OF THE BLADDER Screenshot_20200323_081306 (DIAGNOSTIC TESTS (• …
CANCER OF THE BLADDER
DEFINITION
• Cancer that begins in the bladder
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
• Bladder tumours
• Visible painless haematuria
• UTI
• Alteration in voiding
• Pelvic and back pain
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• Cancerous cells start to multiply uncontrollable
• Due to various reasons
• Causing tumours
CAUSES
• Cigarette smoking
• Bladder stones
• High urinary pH
• Recurring UTI
• Pelvic radiation therapy
• High cholesterol intake
• Environmental carcinogens eg dyes, rubber, ink, paint
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
• Cystoscopy
• Excretory urography
• CT scan
• Ultrasound
• Bimanual examination
• Biopsies of the tumours
• MRI
• X-RAY
NURSING CARE PLAN
• Alleviate pain and discomfort
• Encourage verbalisation of feels to allay anxiety and stress
• Provide rest and comfort positioning
• Encourage exercise and healthy eating
• Administer medication as prescribed
HEALTH EDUCATION
• Do not smoke
• Take caution of chemicals
• Drink enough water daily
• Eat a healthy well balanced diet
• Advice about follow ups
PHARMACOLOGY
• Chemotherapy
• Methotrexate
• 5- fluorouracil
• Vinblastine
• Adrimycin
• Cisplatin
MANAGEMENT
• Transurethral resection
• Cystectomy- removal of the bladder
• Intravesical therapies
• Radiation therapy
• Chemotherapy
• Chemotherapy
STAGING OF BLADDER CANCER
• Stage 1
Bladder inner lining
• Stage 2
Bladder wall
• Stage 3
Bladder wall surrounding
• Stage 4
Lymph nodes and other organs
