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Cation and Anion tests (References (Ammonium ions test (litmus) (https…

- - - - PH tests with litmus
        
        Flame tests - clean wire with conc HCL then hold small amount of solid in blue flame
        
        Red Flame - Lithium
        
        Sodium - Brilliant Orange / Yellow flame
        
        Potassium - Violet flame
        
        Barium - Greenish yellow / Lime flame
        
        Strontium - Crimson flame
        
        Halide ions test - add 1cm3 of aqueous silver nitrate + 1cm3 sulfuric acid
        
        Sulfate ions test - add 6 drops of Hydrochloric acid + 6 drops barium chloride solution
        
        Sulfate ions are present if a white precipitate forms
        
        White / Cream / Yellow precipitate
        
        Add 1cm3 aqueous ammonia - dilute
        
        Dissolves - Chlorine
        
        Add 1cm3 aqueous ammonia - conc
        
        2 more items...
        
        Floride:
        
        No precipitate
        
        Damp blue litmus
        
        Add 1cm3 of Sulfuric acid
        
        Bubbles form - Carbonate
        
        Bubble gas through lime-water
        
        Cloudy
        
        No bubbles - Hydroxide
        
        Add 1cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution and gently heat
        
        Damp red litmus —> Blue
        
        Ammonium ions
      - Red - Cobalt
      - Green - Nickel
      - Blue -Copper
      - Orange / Yellow - Iron