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Weaner (Diarrhoea (Bacterial (Salmonellosis (All ages, classes, Many…
Weaner
Diarrhoea
Age Groups
0-4wks
Colibacillosis
Lamb Dysentery
Rotavirua
Dietary diarrhoea
less common: Coccidiosis
4-12wks
less common: Salmonellosis
Cocidiosis (4-6wk)
less common: Nematodiasis
12wks-1yr (weaner)
Salmonellosis
less common: Coccidiosis
Nematodiasis
Plant poisons
Nutritional/ managerial
1yr (adult)
Johnes (4+)
Salmonellosis
Less common: Coccidiosis
Nematodiasis
Plant poisons
Nutritional managerial
Bacterial
Colibacillosis
<1week
Path= lack of colostrum= Enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC) attach and colonise, Enterotoxin
CS: secretory diarrhoea, metab. acidosis
Tx= fluid, AB (TPS, Amoxicillin), Flunixin IF NOT DEHYDRATED
no vacc- give colostrum
shearing post-partum
Haemorrhagic enterotoxaemia
<4 weeks
Clostridium perfringens
type C
Lamb dysentry
up to 3 weeks
Clostridium perfringens
type B (Beta toxin)
Haemorrhagic/ mucohaemorrhagic enteritis, important in the UK
Salmonellosis
All ages, classes
Many serovars (common:
S. typhimurium, S.dublin,
S. abortusovis)
ZOONOTIC, outbreaks if animal stressed
direct/ indirect spread
Hallmark=
Fever + diarrhoea (mucoid, blood, fibrin) + vomiting (not sheep)
Dx: culture samples, haemogram-leukopenia
Tx:
REPORTABLE DISEASE
Fluids, AB (TPS, Oxy, Ceftiofur, Flunixin)
Decrease stressors, env clean, ID carrier (cull, isolate, tx)
Campylobacter
Usually weaner
C. jejuni, C. coli
aka
WEANER COLITIS
(drench failure)
ZOONOTIC
Vacc
: Ovillis Campyvax (cross protection)
Yersinosis
Enterocolitis in sheep and goats
dx: culture, histopath of gut
Yersinia
Viral
Rotavirus
2-14d
50% of adults can test +
Path: villous atrophy
Dx: EM, IFA test, PCR (cattle)
Bovine Rotavirus vacc not reg for sheep- use if severe
Parasitic- nematodes
Haemonchus contortus
ddx: lack of protein in feed (other cause of bottle jaw)
COMMO
N
Where: abomasum
Dx:
produces LOTS of eggs
(10,000 per day)
CS: attached to intestinal lining sucking blood=
anaemia,
l
eaking of fluid
= bottle jaw, deaths, wool break.
Scour Worms
Trichostrongylus spp
Ddx: Nematodirus (SI)
Black Scour Worm
(
T. columbriformis
- summer,
T. vitrines
- winter)
Where: proximal S
I
100-200 eggs/d
Damages GIT lining, infl
CS: scourng
Teladorsagia (Ostertagia) circumcincta
Ddx: Haemonchus contortus (abomasum)
Brown Stomach Worm
- winter rainfall
50-100EPD
Nodules in abomasum,
production loss in absence of CS (protein loss)
Where: Abomasum
Nematodirus spp
Ddx: Trichostrongylus (SI)
Thing-necked intestinal worm
25-30 EPD (low)
Pathogenic in lambs (>200EPG Rx)
Where: SI
Cooperia
Chabvertia ovina
Oesophagostomum spp
O. colubianum
nodular worm, summer, more pathogenic,
sausage casings
(pellets have coating over them)
Ill thrift, scour
O. Venulosum
Large Bowel worm, winter, rare pathogenic, large worms
in caecum
Where: Caecum/ Large bowel
Tape worm
Moniezia
Rice in faeces
Where: SI
Tx: Praziquantel
Fluke
Fasciola Hepatica
ACUTE
= migration of immature,
Liver damage
(haemorrhage, jaundice, death)
CHRONIC=
obstruct bile ducts, anaemia,
ill-thrift, Bottle jaw and Jaundic
e
Snail
If get clostridial disease + liver damage= Liver Fluke
Tx:
Triclabendazole, Rafoxanide, Closantel Nitroxynil (cattle)
= CAUSE N SIGNS IF OVERDOSE
Dictyocaulua filaria
Lung worm
CS: coughing, pneumonia, low BCS
Tx: ML, BZ, derquantel, levamisole
Where: Bronchi of lung
Oestrus ovis (nasal bots)
CS: discharge, coughing, sneezing, reduces prod (not eating)
Tx: ML,
Closantel (1 in 4)
Protozoal
Coccidiosis
4-6 wks
Hx: IF OVERCROWDING AND WET + diarrhoea + 4-6wks old
Eimeris sp
(2-3wk lifecycle)
CS= ABDOMINAL PAIN,
diarrhoea/ dysentery, poor growth, anaemia, death
Dx: coccidial oocysts greater than 100,000/g faeces. (10 animals)
Lesions= ileum, caecum, colon (take samples)
Tx: NO SHEEP PROD. don't use poultry one- bad absorp
Toltrazuril
(20mg/kg BW) off label
Improve
hygiene
Monensin
and
salinomycin
(but are growth promotants)
Cryptosporidiosis
7-10d
more in dairy calves, stay in herd. potential ZOONOSIS
CS:
malabsorptive diarrhoea
(profuse, watery)
Dx:
Faecal flotation,
acid-fast staiing of air dried slides
Giardiasis
Route: faecal transmission of feed/water
CS:
malabsorptive syndrome,
wt loss, poorly formed faeces
Dx: Iodine stained wet preparation slide
Tx:
Fenbendazole
(10mg/kg) for 3 days
Zoonoses 10d
Nutritional
Most common= INFERIOR MILK REPLACERS (other: XS non-milk CHO and proteins in replacers)
Tx:
Fluids (
15% BW over 24hr),
NSAID
(Flunixin), AB (if septicaemic), correct metabolic acidosis,
change feed, allow for adaptatio
n
Important electrolyte= K
Oral Fluids= separate feedig by 2hrs, need to keep feeding. Reduce feed by never stop
Ill thrift
Economic importance, common, winter rainfall regions= summer
Presentation= dead weaners, not doing well, poor growth rates, diarrhoea, anaemia, coughing, big tail in weaner mob
BENCHMARK= <4% deaths at 15mnths
Dx:
Define the Problem
the flock: inspect in paddock, at rest, after exercise
Detail clinical exam 5-10
Collect samples 3-10 per mob. Serum, whole blood in EDTA and Li heparin, faecal samples 10g/sheep
Necropsy affected: 3+
Multifactorial
Parasite Infestation:
Nematodes, coccidia, crypto, giardia
Hx: drench Hx, dosages, where sheep put after drenching, clinical evidence (clinical exam), Faeces from 10 sheep (egg count, culture, oocyst ID), Necropsy (total worm count, liver fluke etc), Drench R test
Parasite Control Programme
Drench onto clean pasture
Select drench based on
drench R test
(@ /before weaning)
Monitor FEC and match with CS
- are the sheep R?
TE Def
Is farm know TE def area?
Type of pasture
farm/animal Hx of use of supp
Co Def
small size, scaly ears, ocular discharge, loss of appetite
pale mm
Samples: Blood in Lit heparin for B12/ MMA, CBC in EDTA tube.
Necropsy: liver, kidney, cardiac, skeletal brain, spinal
Treatment Trial
Cu Def
Pale mm, Ataxia, dog sitting
Fleece change
Se Def
Stiff gait, hunched appearance, go down when driven
Samples= blood lit heparin for Se, Glutathione perioxidase
Serum for CK, AST
Chronic infections
Pneumonia, facial eczema, CLA
Nutritional
Inadequate
: low digestable, protein Ca, insufficient food
Def of energy
: common if dry pasture
Tx:
supp, vacc, parasite control, monitor FEC
