populations and ecosystems
structure of populations
k - selection
geographic distributions
r - selection
age distribution
carrying capacity
intrinsic rate of natural increase
generation time
random distribution
limiting factor
uniform distribution
clumped distribution
the number of people, other living organisms, or crops that a region can support without environmental degradation.
advantageous traits
crowded habitat
perennial
late maturity
fewer, larger seeds
many defenses
advantageous traits
caused by a disturbance
early maturity
annual
few mechanical or chemical differences
many small seeds
structure of ecosystems
physiognomic structure
temporal structure
species composition
trophic levels
number and diversity that coexist
physical and shape
trees
shrubs
herbs
lifeforms
changesvassociated with time
season
day
decade
gradual dramatic change
succession
spring
late summer/ autumn
dry/wet
flowering
nocturnal
diurnal
energy/ carbon flow
primary producers
primary consumers
secondary consumers
decomposers
plants in relation to their habitat
abiotic
biotic
ecotypes
the plant itself
other organisms
other plant species
predation
examples
commensal relationships
mutualism
eukaryotes
fungi
prokaryotes
frugivores
ants/ acacias
both organisms benefit
example
cocklebur/ animals
one benefit the other is harmed
birds nesting in trees
one benefits while the other is harmed #
browsing/ grazing
herbivory
competition
mutualism
niche
competitive exclusion
transplant experiments
common garden
beneficial
detrimental
neutral
disturbance
fires
landslides
avalanches
floods
soil factors
A horizon
B horizon
pioneers
C horizon
parent rock
rock fragments
zone of deposition
humus
clay
nutrients
area where materials from A horizon accumulate
composed of:
uppermost zone
debris
AKA zone of leaching
litter
first plants that invade a new soil
must tolerate sever conditions
changes the soil that their on
some angiosperms
lichens
latitude
arctic and antarctic circles
intermediate and higher
equator
days 12 hours long
no seasonal variation
plants cant measure season by photoperiod
24 hours of daylight
24 hours of darkness
some sensitive to photoperiod
perfect day length
climate
tolerance range
components
temperature
rainfall
humidity
winds
moderate
extreme
difference in high low
concepts
ecology
community
population
ecosystem #
same relationship
all populations together
study of organisms n relation to surrounding
individuals of the same species
physical/ non-living environments
communities
deeper look into ecosystems
the ultimate predators
