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Physics (Forces (Gravity (gravity has a acceleration of -9.8 m/s/s on…
Physics
Forces
Gravity
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To calculate the force of gravity you multiply the mass of the object by 9.8 to get it's weight in newtons.
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Friction
Static friction
to find the force of static friction you multiply the static coefficient of friction by the normal force and that will tell you how much force needs to be applied to overcome the force of static friction and to get the object to move. 
Kinetic friction
To find the kinetic force you multiply the kinetic coefficient of gravity by the normal force to see how much friction will resist while already moving.
Tension
tension is the force of an object that instead of pushing it up to keep it from falling down like the normal force. It pulls it up to keep it from accelerating downward.
Applied
applied force is force that is applied to an object by another object or person. It is the transfer of energy from you into the object causeing it to move.
Air resistance
Air resistance is the the amount that the molecules in the air run into a moving object causing it to slow down.
Another thing that can affect air resistance is the shape of the object. If the object is pointy the air particles will hit the side of the point and and sort of slide off instead of ramming into a surface full speed.
The last thing that can affect air resistance is how many air particles are present. For instance there is no air resistance in a vacuum so objects fall exactly at the the acceleration of gravity.
When Neil Armstrong landed on the moon he did a series of tests. In one of them he dropped a rock and a feather and they fell to the ground perfectly in sync and hit the ground at the same time. There was no air resistance to slow the rock or the feather down.
One thing that can affect air resistance is the speed that the object is moving the faster it is going the more air particles it collides with.