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Population Genetics and evolution (speciation (ways (divergent (types…
Population Genetics and evolution
Concepts
evolution
gradual conversion
one spiecies
into
new species
natural selection
new species
via
mutations
new alleles
addaptibility
more
better reproduction
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less
new genes
deleterious
no reproduction
chance of survival decreases
slow process
thousands of generations
millions of years
discovered by
(independently)
darwin
origin of species
wallace
population genetics
alleles in a population
change in abundance
remains same
decreases
increases
terms
presence
Genotype
alleles of an individual
phenotype
expression
gene pool
total number of alleles
population
changes caused by
mutation
Mutations
any change in DNA
types
point
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deletion
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insersion
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inversion
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somatic
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causes
mutagen causes mutations
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effects
may have no effect
may have negative effect
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rarely have positive effect
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DNA repair
#
#
enzymes minimize chance of mutations
must neither be
too effective
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too efficient
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accidents
events
organism
cannot adapt
phenomena
large
small
selection
artificial
purposful change in
allele frequency
selective breeding
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done in conjunction with
artificial mutation
increase new allleles
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natural
#
most significant factor in
gene pool changes
"Survival of the fittest"
fit
survive
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unfit
perish
competition
unrelated factors
purpose
intention
planning
voluntary decision making
concepts
population concept of species
ranges in variation
all species
type concept of species
species biased on types
Rates of evolution
slow
gradual
process
#
quick
loss in
structure
metabolism
complexity
speciation
natural selection
#
new species
ways
phyletic
species
gradual change
new species
via
pollen transfer
vegitative propogation
seed dispersal
divergent
population
remain unchanged
same species
evolve
new species
types
abiological reproductive barriers
non living
feature
prevents
exchanging of genes
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physical
biological reproductive barriers
biological phenomena
prevents gene flow
sympatric speciation
groups
reproductively isolate
grow together
group
postzygotic internal isolation barrier
hybrid sterility
hybrid invaibility
adaptive radiation
species
diverges rapidly
many new species
founder individuals/founder
genetic drift
reproductively isolate
convergent evolution
separate evolution of groups
strong resemblance
evolutionary origins of life
chemiosynthesis
chemicals produced chemosynthtically
formation of polymers
early metabolism
conditions before life
chemical presence in the atmosphere
second atmosphere
reducing atmosphere
oxidising atmosphere
O2
energy sources
alleles influenced by natural selection
how long process takes
speciation by "survival of the fittest
