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GCSE Biology (Section 1 - The nature and variety of organisms…

- - - - They respond to their surroundings
        
        Organisms that are alive can react to change in their environment/surroundings
      - They move
        
        Organisms move toward things like water and food, and away from things that threaten them ( some plants can move a bit )
      - They excrete their waste
        
        Waste products such as carbon dioxide and urine are removed from the body - This removal is called excretion .
      - They can control their internal conditions
        
        they can control temperature and water content
      - They respire
        
        Organisms release energy from their food - respiration
      - They reproduce
        
        Organisms have to produce offspring in order for the species to survive
      - They need nutrition
        
        Living organisms need nutrients to provide them with energy ant the raw materials for growth and repair. Nutrients include things like proteins, fats and carbohydrates, as well as vitamins and minerals.
      - They grow and evelop
        
        The organism must grow and develop into their adult form
    - - Living organisms are made up of cells - these are like tiny building blocks. Some organisms are multi cellular - they contain lots of cells, which need some form of organisation. Some organisations consists of a single cell.
      - Cells contain organelles
        
        Organelles are tiny structures within cells. You can only see them using a powerful microscope.
        
        Here are some of the organelles found in a typical animal cell :
        
        Cell membrane
        
        This membrane forms the outer surface of the cell and controls the substances that go in and out.
        
        Cytoplasm
        
        A gel-like substance where most of the cells chemical reactions happen. It contains enzymes which control these reactions
        
        Nucleus
        
        An organelles which contains the genetic material that controls the cells activities. It is surrounded by its own membrane.
        
        Mitochondria
        
        Small organelles where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration take place. Respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to work
        
        Ribosomes
        
        Cells can be Eukaryotic or prokaryotic
        
        Eukaryotic cells are complex, and include all animal and plant cells
        
        Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler