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Nervous and Eye Diseases: Lecture 4 (Poliomyelitis (polio, may become…
Nervous and Eye Diseases: Lecture 4
Viral Meningitis
known as aseptic meningitis is the most common form
s/s: similar to those bacterial meningitis, usually milder than those of bacterial or fungal menigitis, fever, HA, stiff neck, drowsiness, confusion, N/V, can also cause skin rash, sore throat, and cold, death is rare
90% caused by RNA viruses with genus Enterovirus
common types of causes: coxsachie A virus, coxsackie B virus, and echovirus
spread person to person by fecal contamination of food, water, or hands
spread by mainstream to other organisms following ingestion- they don't cause GI illnesses
enteroviruses attacks cells lining the intestinal tract and lungs; damage to cells in meninges triggers meningitis
spread by respiratory droplets and feces
shed feces for weeks and spread in summer and early fall easily
disease not reportable; being exposed doesn't mean you'll get it and resembles cold
dx by characteristic signs and symptoms in the absence of bacteria in the CSF
no specific treatment exists; rest, fluids, and taking antipyretics and pain meds for HA
difficult to prevent spread on enterovirus
wash hands, avoid crowded swimming pool, keep hands away from face helps to limit the chance of infection
Poliomyelitis
polio
may become second human disease to be eradicated
poliovirus; stable out of body and remains infection in food and water for some time
trans most often by drinking contaminated water
virus replicated in cells of the throat and small intestine
s/s: asymptomatic infection- almost 90% of time; initial s/s would be sure throat and nausea
minor: nonspecific symptoms; temporary fever, HA, malaise, and sore throat
nonparalytic: virus invades the meninges and CNS muscle spasms and back pain in addition to minor type s/s
paralytic: viral invasion of spinal cord procedure paralyisis that varies with the strain of virus
Bulbar poliomyelitis: the brain stem is infected and then paralysis of respiratory muscles
post polio syndrome can be debilitating
not caused by a present virus but aging-related aggravation of nerve damage that happened at the original onset
dx by identification of virus in throat or feces
no specific tx exists- just manage the s/s
two effective vaccines are available
Rabies
s/s: pain and itching at the infection site, fever, HA, malaise, and anorexia
neurological signs if virus reaches CNS: hydrophobia, hallucinations, seizures, paralysis, death results from respiratory paralysis and other neuro complications
pathogen: rabies virus (ssRNA virus)
trans by bite or scratch from infected animal
virus replicates in muscle cells and then moves into neurons
function of spinal cord and brain degenerate
secreted in the saliva of infected animal through breaks in skin
transfers from animals to humans; not just dogs but also foxes, cats, raccoons, skunks, bats
dx by unique neurological symptoms
tests of antibodies in blood confirm
postmortem detection of negri bodies in brain
tx by injecting human rabies immunoglobulin, giving vaccine injections, and cleansing infection site
prevent by controlling rabies in domestic animals
vaccine available for those at risk