B5
detected by pancreas
too high
pancreas releases insulin
insulin forced cells to uptake glucose- release energy
converts glucose to glycogen
too low
converts glucagon to glucose
release glucagon
glucose goes into blood
diabetes
type 1:
type 2
pancreas unable to produce insulin
recover
cells no longer respond to insulin
healthy diet
increased exercise
inject insulin at mealtime
treatment
insulin injections at mealtimes
pancreas transplant
stem cells in pancreas
kidney
filter the blood
nephron
thousands of nephrons which filter the blood
filtering unit
start of nephrone is main filter
good blood supply
large surface area
thin membrane
small particles move from blood to minerals
water
urea
glucose
ions
all of it reabsorbed
amount reabsorbed depends on osmosis
none reabsorbed
some reabsorbed as they are needed in active transport
too little water/hot day
too much water
more water reabsorbed
less urine prouced
more ADH released
less water reabsorbed
more urine produced
less ADH released
reanimation
amino group is removed
ammino is then converted into urea
ammino is formed
excess amino acids used to create proteins
hormones in human reproduction
FSH-responsible for maturing the egg.produced by pituitary gland
stimulates oestrogen which thickens uterine lining
inhibits FSH
stimulates LH to be released from the pituitary gland
LH releases egg from ovary day14
empty follicle (on ovary) then secretes progesterone
progesterone maintains uterus lining/ inhibits FSH and LH
if egg in-fertilised progesterone/oestrogen levels fall causing lining to shed and causing period
the eye
pupil allows light into eye
lens refracts the light controlled by suspensory ligaments and ciliary muscle
cornea barrier refracts light in small amount protects eye
iris control size of pupil made of muscles that contract and relax
ciliary muscle-
optic nerve behind eye
filled with thick transparent jelly maintaining shape
sclera white outer layer tough and strong
dim light pupil dilates
bright light pupil contracts
focusing the eye
thin lens
thick lens
relaxed ciliary muscle
contracted suspension ligament
contracted ciclary muscle
relaxed suspension ligament
more refraction then thin lens
distance
close focus