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Social Stratification (Systems of Stratification (Class Systems (Class…
Social Stratification
Systems of Stratification
Vertical Mobility: Movement up or down through a society's stratification system.
Slavery
Slavery: The ownership of people.
Estate System
Estate system: A system of stratification characterized by control of land that was common during feudalism.
Caste System
Caste system: A stratification system based on rigid placement at birth into unequal groups based on one's parents' status, with no chance of moving out of these groups.
Class Systems
Class systems: a system of stratification containing unequal groups but with a relatively high degree of social mobility.
Wealth: income, stocks, bonds, real estate, and other dimensions of one's total material possessions.
Power: The ability to influence others to do one's bidding even if they don't want to.
Prestige: The status and esteem people hold in the eyes of others.
Classless Societies
Classless societies: societies with no social stratification.
Economic Inequality and Poverty in the United States
Economic inequality: The extent of the economic difference between the rich and the poor in a society.
Poverty
Poverty Line: The government's measure of official poverty, based on the cost of a minimal diet for a family multiplied by three.
The Extent and Social Distribution of Poverty
Episodic Poverty: As defined by the Cenus Bureau, being poor for atleast two consecutive months in some time period.
Explaining stratification
The Functionalist View
1.) Some jobs are more important than other jobs
2.) Some jobs require more skills and knowledge than other jobs.
3.) Relatively few people have the ability to acquire the skills and knowledge.
4.) To induce the people with the skills and knowledge to do the important, highly skilled jobs must promise higher income
Ideology and stratification
Ideology: A set of beliefs that supports the status quo.
Class Consciousness: An awareness of one's social class membership, the structural reasons for it, and the needs arising from such membership.
False Consciousness: A failure to possess class consciousness.
Social Class in the United States
Measuring social class
Socioeconomic Status (SES): A measure based on occupation, education, and income favored by functionalist sociologists as an indicator of social class position.
Social Mobility
Intergenerational Mobility: Vertical mobility from one generation to the next within the same family.
Intragenerational Mobility: Vertical Mobility within a person's own lifetime.
Social Issues in the News
Social Stratification: Ranking of people based on wealth and other resources a society values.