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Schizophrenia and Psychotic Disorders (textbook chp 13) (Clinical…
Schizophrenia and Psychotic Disorders (textbook chp 13)
Basic concepts
Emil Kraepil
(1899), gave term "dementia praecox" for describing insanity. Later success
Eugen Bleuler
introduced term schizophrenia (meaning split mind)
No defining behaviours
etc., only clusters of symptoms that make up the disorder of schizophrenia
Clinical description
Broad spectrum of cognitive and emotional dysfunctions, including delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech/behaviour, and inappropriate emotions
3 main types of symptoms
Positive
active manifestations of abnormal behaviour, added onto normal behaviour like delusions, hallucinations, etc.
Negative
Deficits in normal behaviour on stuff like speech and motivation
Disorganized
Rambling speech, erratic behaviour, etc.
Disorder types
Brief psychotic disorder
: at least 1 positive symptoms (delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech) lasting less than 1 month.
Schizophreniform disorder
: includes people who experience the symptoms of schizophrenia for fewer than six months.
Attenuated psychosis syndrome
: At least 1 symptom of schizophrenia, but the individual is aware that these unusual experiences and are not typical for a healthy person, new disorder that's still being studied.
Schizoaffective disorder
: includes people who have symptoms of schizophrenia and who also exhibit the characteristics of mood disorders such as depression and bipolar affective disorder.
Delusional disorder
: people with a persistent belief that is contrary to reality, in the absence of the other characteristics of schizophrenia.
Prevalence and causes
causes
Genetic influences
Neurotransmitter imbalance
Structural damage to brain prenatally or at birth
Psychological stressors
Relapse often triggered by hostile and critical family environments characterized by high expressed emotion
Treatment
Rarely involves complete recovery (
chronic disorder
), but quality of life can be significantly better
Antipsychotic medication, combined with psychosocial treatment used
Employment support and community-based and family interventions