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Fibrous connective tissue (articular cartilage (consists of (collagen,…
Fibrous connective tissue
Collagen
is the main structural protein
of the various connective tissues
in animals
is mostly found in fibrous tissues
such as tendons,ligaments ,& skin
in the form of
elongated fibrils
Collagen type 1
Found in:
supporting elements
of high tensile strength
eg: in bone
skin
tendons
muscles
cornea & walls of blood vessels
Collagen type 2
Found in:
cartilaginous tissues
eg: inter vertebral disc
vitreous body
hyaline cartilage
Elastin
single alpha strand without
a triple helix
alpha like strands are cross linked
to form the elastic fibers
make up a smaller portion of the
exrtracellular matrix
branch freely & are found in joint structure
tendon
resists tensile forces
collagen is aligned in
parallel bundles
diff tendons, depending on their function:
-will have diff amnts of type 1 & 2 collagen
-cross links
-differing age of collagen
--differing amnt of ground substance
-& different hydration levels
when immobalized
there is
decr in collagen
atrophy at musculotendon junction
when subjected to
continual compression
the tendon will
-change its structure & function
-& have decr tensile strength
ligament
contains more elastin
-allowing for flexibility
(more elastic)
when relaxed,
-elastin hold collagen fibers in a crimpled state
-allowing for initial stretch to occur within the elastin
without stretching the collagen fibers
withstands
-compression
-shear
-& tensile forces
joint capsule
dense fibrous tissue
contains proprioceptive nerve endings
are specialized attachment zones
to the bones containing fibrocartilage
with compressive loading
*becomes more fibrocartilagenous
with aging
increases in type 2 collagen
articular cartilage
highly specialized tissues
suited to withstanding high joint loads
over the lifespan
2 primary functions
distribute load over a large area
& so decr the stress to the joint surfaces
minimise friction between joint surfaces
consists of
collagen
water
chondrocytes
articular load bearing
(hyaline)
are found in synovial joints
eg.
hip
knee
\elbow
fibrocartilage
(elastic)
assists with shape of structures
yellow fibrocartilage
eg:
ear
trachea
white fibrocartilage
eg
IVD
glenoid labra
is a 3 layered structure
-allows for better dispersion of forces
near the articular
cartilage
superficial or tangential zone
10-20% of total thickness
collagen fibers parallel to surface
& densly arranged
proteoglycan content is low
in the middle
of cartilage
is the middle zone
40-60% of total thickness
fibers are more sparsely
& randomly arranged
deep zone
are arranged radially in bundles
fixes the cartilage to subchondral bone
via an interlocking system
in response to deformation
fluid flows through pores in the cartilage
the cartilage closest to the surface
has the highest permeability
& decreases as the layers deepen
immobilisation & unloading
red fluid flow
-resulting in decr nutrition
& deformation
does not have a blood supply
so is unable to
-utilise wound healing process
-& this limits potential of cartilage to repair