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Rise of Commerce in Afro-Eurasia (Merchants and Trade Networks in Afro…
Rise of Commerce in Afro-Eurasia
Agricultural Innovation
Europe and Byzantium
Self sufficiency was name of game after rome fell
Lords and Serfs
Investments in long term things like mills - new plow.
low population density, higher protein
Byzantine recovered and planted olives, grapes, figs, livestock because of labor shortages.
Islamic world
Local rules and slave armies and iqta estates.
got new plants and techniques from asia and india.
rice, cotton, sugar cane,
Europeans reconquered spain and just let rice cultivation die.
Seljuks managed peasants differently in a way that things didn't work out and caused recession
Monsoon Asia
Switched to rice
Small property owners in china drover growth.
Industrial growth
Technological Change and Industrial Enterprice
Human labor still #1, but more advances in mills and stuff, crushing ore.
China and europe more Iron
Shipbuilding advancements.
Cog from northern europe
Cloth advancements
Women kicked out of wage jobs
Money Circulation
Frankish silver pennies
Nomisma international europe standard.
Islamic Dirham
China used low value metals
Credit and Paper money
Risk of transport and scarcity made way for credit
Muslims and christians had usue with usury or credit.
Merchants and Trade Networks in Afro-Eurasia
Merchant partnerships and long distance trade
guild system
Joint trading ventures and commenda
Could stiffle entrepreneurship
Merchants and Rulers
With rise of merchants, rulers wanted to be paid with money
Malmuks monopolized the slave and spice trade
China Song empire had huge revenues
China looked down on merchants
Martime trade in indian ocean
Muslim sailors had initial dominance
Chola kingdom fought with Srivijaya
China silk slump demand as other places make it.
Trans Saharan Traders
Gold and treasure to lure across the desert.
Little african manufacturing cities.
Ghana had a gold monopoly that fell apart. - Mali replaced and made army that guarded gold mines. Muslim
Mali made gold value in Cairo fall.
Mediterranean and European Traders
Economic took longer to recover in europe. But the better agraculture and population in western europe.
Burghers were free citizens of towns that had traiding rights.
Flanders had wool
Italian navies started to dominate mediterranean
